Obesity will be the major health chronic problem of this century. Obesity have reached epidermic proportions in some nations and as the Information Age and the global economy bring homogeneity to life styles. Its incidence in rapidly increasing in developing nations and traditional cultures. Although the underlying cause are debated, the social and economic ramifications of this problem can no longer be ignored. Unfortunately , despite the vast medical literature on the topic, progress in understanding obesity has no kept pace with the magnitude of the problem . Nevertheless , new basic and clinical research has advanced the field dramatically.
Malaysia has been experiencing a rapid phase of industrialization and urbanization in recent decades and has often been recognized as a role model for developing economies. Statistics available from several Ministries for the last two decades suggest that as the population achieve affluence, their intake of energy, fats and sugars increase, as reflected in the rising and now substantial size of the food importation bills. The ‘westernization’ of global eating habits has also brought about an increase in the number of fast-food outlets in Malaysia during the last decade.WHO further projects that by 2015 , approximately 2.3 billion adults will be overweight and more than 700 million will be obese. At least 20 million children under the age of 5 years are overweight globally in 2005. Once considered a problem only in high income countries, overweight and obesity are now dramatically on the rise in low and middle income countries, particularly in urban settings.
Until fairly recently, doctors paid little attention to their patient’s weight or body type. Being “portly” or “stout” was a sign of wealth in the early twentieth century. Then doctors begun to regard physical mass and body fat as important markers of health. Weight measurement alone does not distinguish between pounds from body fat and those from lean body mass or muscle. Being overweight means having an access of total body weight based on population averages for people of your same height. And body type. Athletes and very muscular people may be overweight, but that does not mean they obese. Obesity is an access of body fat regardless of weight. In other resource, obesity is an excess proportion of total body fat that may impair health . A person is considered obese when his or her weight is 20% or more above normal weight. Obesity means having too much body fat. It is different from being overweight, which means weighing too much. Overweight and obese people are at risk for many serious medical conditions. Obesity is not just a cosmetic consideration; it is a dire dilemma directly harmful to one's health. In the United States, roughly 300,000 deaths per year are directly related to obesity, and more than 80% of these deaths are in patients with a BMI over 30. For patients with a BMI over 40, life expectancy is reduces significantly (as much as 20 years for men and five years for women). Obesity also increases the risk of developing a number of chronic diseases. The term “obesity” comes from the Latin obedere which means “overeat”. Ob means “over” and edere means “to eat”. Obesity occurs when your body stores too much fat. This lead to an unhealthy weight gain. “unhealthy” is the key word her. Being obese is not same as being overweight. Being overweight is simply mean the people overweight is more than is typical for people of same height and age.
Health-care experts have developed tools for measuring healthy weight and body mass. The most widely used measurement of adult weight is body mass index (BMI) , which measures your weight in relation to your height. A formula yields a number that provides more accurate measures of body fat. Belgian scientist Adolpha Quetelet came up with the BMI method. Its calculations are based on the metric system of measurement. BMI is calculated by dividing the weight in kg by the square of the height in meter. Health experts say that , for adults, a BMI of 18.5 and 24.9 represent ideal weight. Research shows that people who have BMI of 25 to 29.9 are described as overweight. And those with a BMI between 30 and 39.9 are termed obese. A BMI of 40 or more usually means having more than 45 kg of excess weight. Weight experts label people with BMI in this range as morbidly obese. Their weight may be life-threatening because many health problem occur with this excess.
Other more accurate methods for measuring body mass include hydrodensitometry and dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Hydrodensitometry uses a tank of water to weight someone. Because the densities of bone and muscle are higher than water and fat is less dense than water, doctors can compare the weight of the person out of the water with the submersed weight. They use a standard formula to come up with relative fat-to-lean composition. In DXA , an X-ray machines scans the entire body and shows exactly where the fat is distributed. Doctors also use skin fold testing this is a kind of pinch test using a device known as a skin caliper. Skin fold testing measures the thickness of fat beneath the skin at certain points on the body and compares result with healthy norms.
The fundamental cause of obesity and overweight is an energy imbalance between colories consumed on one hand and calories expended on the other hand. Obesity occurs when a person consumes more calories than he or she burns. For many people this boils down to eating too much and exercising too little. The Holy Prophet warned us about the dangers and health hazards of overeating. He advised us to fill our stomach with 1/3 food, 1/3 for drink, and 1/3 for air.
Holy Prophet saying: “No human ever filled a vessel worse than the stomach. Sufficient for any son of Adam are some morsels to keep his back straight. But if it must be, then one third for his food, one third for his drink and one third for his breath.” Ibn Masaweh, a Muslim doctor, said after reading this hadith: “If the people only used these words, they would avoid all diseases and maladies and the clinics and pharmacies would be idle.”
But there are other factors that also play a role in obesity,one of them is age, as you get older, your body's ability to metabolize food slows down and you do not require as many calories to maintain your weight. This is why people note that they eat the same and do the same activities as they did when they were 20 years old, but at age 40, gain weight. Next factor is gender. Women tend to be more overweight than men. Men have a higher resting metabolic rate meaning they burn more energy at rest than women, so men require more calories to maintain their body weight. Additionally, when women become postmenopausal, their metabolic rate decreases. That is partly why many women gain weight after menopause.
Obesity (and thinness) tends to run in families. In a study of adults who were adopted as children, researchers found that participating adult weights were closer to their biological parents' weights than their adoptive parents'. The environment provided by the adoptive family apparently had less influence on the development of obesity than the person's genetic makeup. In fact, if your biological mother is heavy as an adult, there is approximately a 75% chance that you will be heavy. If your biological mother is thin, there is also a 75% chance that you will be thin. Nevertheless, people who feel that their genes have doomed them to a lifetime of obesity should take heart. Many people genetically predisposed to obesity do not become obese or are able to lose weight and keep it off.
There are a lot of scholar in economy either in islamic scholar or international scholar.Every scholar have their own perspective and studies result. In islamic scholar, Ibnu Sina has touched about obesity in medical theory. He said disease not specific to one part. For Ibnu Sina, conditions not specific to one bodily part. If one is obese he or she has tendency to face many obesity related health risks and problems. Obesity is also linked to many health conditions like diabetes, cancer, breathing problems and sleep apnea.
Although Roman were famous gorging at sumptuous banquets, obesity was frowned up. The Roman physician Galen (c. 129-199) was the first to Davide obese people into types. The first was moderate obesity , which Galen saw as a sequence of life and aging. This type was acceptable and show economic success. The second type immoderate obesity was a character flaw from a life of overindulgence and lust.Galen believed that people with second type, of obesity was impossible to treat and were defiant in nature. He even wrote of his struggle with overindulgence in his on work On Passions.
Why don’t we just follow the advice? Why on earth do we have an obesity problem, let alone an epidemic, when we so desperately want to be slim?Zoë Harcombe set out to answer that question in the late 1980’s and her book The Obesity Epidemic: What caused it? How can we stop it? is the culmination of that quest. At the time of starting her research, obesity levels for men and women in the UK had reached double figures. By the end of the millennium, UK obesity rates were 22.6% and 25.8% for men and women respectively and have worsened further since.
In international scholar, Zoë was the first person from her state school to graduate from Cambridge University, having won a scholarship to read mathematics/economics at this famous institution. The paradox of escalating obesity and overwhelming desire to be slim has been a constant fascination to her.During her 20′s (and before the Internet made research relatively easy), Zoë discovered that there are three medical conditions that cause insatiable food cravings. She also experienced all three first hand. And so her first book came about – the answer to the million dollar question. Why do you overeat? When all you want is to be slim was published in 2004 and it continues to change the lives of people who read it.
Since putting her own advice into practice, Zoe has lived craving free and a constant 8 stone for over 15 years.“Stop Counting Calories & Start Losing Weight: The Harcombe Diet” was published in 2008, to share the message as simply and passionately as possible with readers world-wide. By popular demand, a recipe book came out at the same time. Zoë has also appeared on TV and Radio and writes regularly for magazines and newspapers.
Zoë is a qualified nutritionist with a Diploma in Diet & Nutrition and a Diploma in Clinical Weight Management, but she is first and foremost an obesity researcher. She works exclusively in the area of weight and obesity and reads, writes and talks about obesity as many hours as possible, seven days a week. Her complete goal and drive is to reverse the obesity epidemic. She has clear views on how it started and what we need to do to stop it and these were published in 2010 in the 134,000 word book: “The Obesity Epidemic: What caused it? How can we stop it?“.Ref : Colleen S.W. Rand and Alex M. C. Macgregor, “Successful weight loss following obesity surgery and the perceived liability of morbid obesity”, International Journal of Obesity, (1991).
Among women who have been treated for breast cancer, heavier women are more likely to have their disease come back and more likely to die of cancer, according to a U.S. study.Previous studies have tied obesity to a higher chance of getting breast cancer and a worse outcome in women who have already been diagnosed.
But the current study, said lead researcher Joseph Sparano, associate chairman of medical oncology at the Montefiore Einstein Center for Cancer Care in the Bronx, New York."Obesity seemed to carry a higher risk of breast cancer recurrence and death, even in women who were healthy at the time that they were diagnosed, and despite the fact that they received the best available chemotherapy and hormone therapy," he said.
The relationship with weight may be because certain hormones that are linked to body weight may also fuel tumor growth in the most common form of the disease, known as estrogen receptor-positive cancer.Data for the study came from trials sponsored by the U.S. National Cancer Institute of women with stage I, II and III breast cancer who were given standardized treatment, with drug doses adjusted based on weight.Out of close to 5,000 women treated for cancer, about one-third were obese and another one-third were overweight.Over the next eight years, one in four women had their cancer come back and 891 died - including 695 from breast cancer.
Sparano and his colleagues found that compared to women of normal weight, obese women were 40 percent more likely to have a breast cancer recurrence over the study period and 69 percent more likely to die from breast cancer or any other cause.Even among overweight but not obese women, there was also a general trend toward a higher risk of recurrence and death with increasing weight.
The link was especially strong for women with estrogen receptor-positive cancer, which accounts for two-thirds of breast cancers.Although the new study can't prove that extra weight and fat have a direct impact on certain breast cancers, Sparano said it was "biologically plausible."Women carrying extra fat have been shown to make more estrogen, meaning that this may fuel the growth of the estrogen receptor-positive tumors, he said."Insulin levels are known to be higher in patients who are obese because they develop insulin resistance... (and) insulin can stimulate the growth of breast cancer cells," he added.
This is true story about morbidly obese. I'm 24 years old and weigh 129 kgs and am 5'2 in height and am the biggest in my family. although my other family members are big too, nobody is as morbidly obese as me. i was very thin as a child but when puberty hit, i started gaining weight and slowly food became my only friend. every time I'd have a fight or i felt stressed out or sad or angry, I'd eat comfort foods and yes, i felt good afterwards but all this has just made me become fatter and fatter with passing years and i cant seem to stop it. it has gotten to the point where I have isolated myself from the world for the past 2 years, do not exit the house. i have tried many times to change but only after a few days my will power dies and i go back to my old ways, i know i need to do something now because at this rate i might end up at the hospital and so i need help and support. my sister is supportive towards me but she really doesn't understand all the problems of my weight, she doesn't know how it feels when people humiliate me or mock me on the street because of my weight or how petrified i am of small, fragile furniture. i was a very good student but somehow my weight issues have always kept me from experiencing life as a normal teenager and young person, and so i made up for the frustration of not having a boyfriend or friends by eating, wasting time watching TV and spending excessive time on the Internet. its been almost 10 years since my weight problems started and i think most of those years were spent making virtual friends than real ones, i always ended up losing my real friends because i couldn't do activities with them or didn't feel cool enough to be part of their gangs. I've been depressed throughout this time and often contemplate ending my life. my family environment isn't very healthy because my parents split up and I have also been sexually and verbally abused. i live with my mom and she hates me, keeps cursing me for not working, for being so ugly and tells me that it would be better if i died. i rebel by abusing her back and stuffing my face with more food. I'm tired of this life, of so much sadness and tears, of feeling so under confident and defeated.
In my own perspective, there should be no reason for Muslims to be obese or for that matter over weight. Because Islam is Syumul which is mean comprehensive. Guidelines for healthy lifestyle are provided. We just need to follow that rule. InsyaAllah, with Allah permission we can avoid from obesity. Unfortunately ,70% of the womenfolk in Gulf countries are obese according to research and according to Economist, the countries with most obese population are Muslim or Arab countries. This just shows that Muslims have a long way to go to become better followers of Islam.
Lastly, what i want to remind is body was gift from Allah that we all must treat in the best way. Eat to the point you are not hungry. Do not eat to the point you are being full. Eating well can help decrease disease and cancer by 50%. The hazard of obesity can be prove by holy Quran in “do not cast yourselves into destruction by your own hands”(2:195)
In conclusion, obesity is defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. It is the disease of this era which exhausts the resources of countries. To understand why people become obese, it helps to understand how and why we store fat.We may know the term “calorie” is linked with food. As usual Allah almighty in His holy book preceded all scientists and researchers in solving different humanity's problems. Very few people know that Islam has multiple ways of making sure that people do not become obese, or for that matter even a little overweight. In fact a practicing Muslim should not be Obese unless of course due to some medical condition. There are some listing of the ways in which an Islamic lifestyle can keep us fit and healthy.
Firstly is with Ramadan Fasting. This is the most well known way. Fasting helps our body in many different ways and the best way is by teaching our body discipline in eating. People restrain them self from eating or drinking from dawn till sunset. After sunset they may eat a bit more than the usual dinner, but is still less than eating two times and the junk food that we keep stuffing ourselves with. (And those who, when they spend, are neither extravagant nor niggardly, but hold a medium (way) between those (extremes).)(Sûrat Al-Furqân-verse67).Ramadan is a month to cure all eating disorders.
Next is walking to Mosque which is practising exercise. Praying in Mosque is highly recommended and along with that its recommended walking to mosque. The more you walk to mosque, the more rewards there are for the believers. One of the hadiths state, "The person who will receive the highest reward for Salat (prayer) is the one who comes to perform it in the mosque from the farthest distance."
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