MAWARNI NAJWA BINTI JAFRI, GROUP 97
Allah is the name of the true One God in the Arabic language. In the Hebrew language His name is Eloh, Elohim for respect. It is well known that when a word is borrowed from one language to another, its spelling and pronunciation is often altered. It is, therefore, reasonable to say that Eloh and Allah are names of the same Deity of Abraham believed by the three monotheistic religions of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Islam is the most rigorously monotheistic religion among the three dedicated to the worship of Allah, never seen by a human eye. Who is Allah? The translation of verses from the Qur'an are given to answer this question. References of the verses are given in brackets, the number before the colon represents the Surah (chapter) and the following number represents the verse number.
Allah, the One Only:
• "Proclaim: Allah is One. Allah is Eternal. He neither begets nor was begotten." (112:1-4)
• "Nothing is like unto Him." (42:11)
• "If there were therein Gods besides Allah, then verily both (the heavens and the earth) would have collapsed into disorder and chaos. Glorified be Allah, the Lord of the Throne, transcendent beyond all they ascribe unto Him." (21:22)
• "Sight can never reach Him; His sight reaches all things." (6:103)
• "And proclaim: Praise be to Allah, Who has not taken unto Himself a son, and Who has no partner in the Sovereignty, nor has He (need for) any protecting friend through dependence. (17:111)
• "Allah! There is no God save Him." (3:2, 2:255)
• "Is there any God beside Allah? Nay, but they are folk who ascribe equals (unto Him)!" (27:60).
• "Is there any God beside Allah? Nay, but most of them know not." (27:61
The beginning, Creation. How did it happen? The birth of the earth, the moon, the sun, and the stars, How did it happen? How did the first man step on this earth? From where did he come? All these are question which have been handled under various disciplines-Astronomy, Physics, Geography, Geology, Oceanology, Biology, Botany, Zoology, Medicine, Physiology, Embryology and General Science. The Al-Quran has added new dimensions to the study of physical phenomena and helped man's mind to go beyond the barriers of the material universe. It has shown him that matter is not to be despised as something mean or low, since it has signs leading man towars God and His Mysteries and Attributes.
Expansion of Universe
The Qur'an also does not rule out the idea that the universe is continuing to expand. "The heavens, We have built them with power. And verily, We are expanding it" (51:47). There has been some historical debate among Muslim scholars about the precise meaning of this verse, since knowledge of the universe's expansion was only recently discovered.
Six Days?
The Qur'an states that "Allah created the heavens and the earth, and all that is between them, in six days" (7:54). While on the surface this might seem similar to the account related in the Bible, there are some important distinctions.
The verses that mention "six days" use the Arabic word "youm" (day). This word appears several other times in the Qur'an, each denoting a different measurement of time. In one case, the measure of a day is equated with 50,000 years (70:4), whereas another verse states that "a day in the sight of your Lord is like 1,000 years of your reckoning" (22:47). The word "youm" is thus understood, within the Qur'an, to be a long period of time -- an era or eon. Therefore, Muslims interpret the description of a "six day" creation as six distinct periods or eons. The length of these periods is not precisely defined, nor are the specific developments that took place during each period.
After completing the Creation, the Qur'an describes that Allah "settled Himself upon the Throne" (57:4) to oversee His work. A distinct point is made to counter the Biblical idea of a day of rest: "We created the heavens and the earth adn all that is between them in six days, nor did any sense of weariness touch Us" (50:38).
Allah is never "done" with His work, because the process of creation is ongoing. Each new child who is born, every seed that sprouts into a sapling, every new species that appears on earth, is part of the ongoing process of Allah's creation. "He it is Who created the heavens and the earth in six days, then established Himself on the Throne. He knows what enters within the heart of the earth, and what comes forth out of it, what comes down from heaven, and what mounts up to it. And He is with you wherever you may be. And Allah sees well all that you do" (57:4).
Chapter 7 The heights سورة الأعراف - Al-Araf: Verse 54
إِنَّ رَبَّكُمُ اللَّهُ الَّذِي خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ فِي سِتَّةِ أَيَّامٍ ثُمَّ اسْتَوَىٰ عَلَى الْعَرْشِ يُغْشِي اللَّيْلَ النَّهَارَ يَطْلُبُهُ حَثِيثًا وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ وَالنُّجُومَ مُسَخَّرَاتٍ بِأَمْرِهِ ۗ أَلَا لَهُ الْخَلْقُ وَالْأَمْرُ ۗ تَبَارَكَ اللَّهُ رَبُّ الْعَالَمِينَ
Your Guardian-Lord is Allah, Who created the heavens and the earth in six days, and is firmly established on the throne (of authority): He draweth the night as a veil o'er the day, each seeking the other in rapid succession: He created the sun, the moon, and the stars, (all) governed by laws under His command. Is it not His to create and to govern? Blessed be Allah, the Cherisher and Sustainer of the worlds
ASTRONOMY
“THE BIG BANG”
The creation of the universe is explained by astrophysicists in a widely acceptable phenomenon, popularly known as the "BIG BANG". It is supported by observational and experimental data gathered by astronomers and astrophysicists for decades. According to the "BIG BANG", the whole universe was initially one big mass (Primary Nebula). Then, there was a "BIG BANG" (Secondary Separation) which resulted in the formation of Galaxies. These then divided to form stars, planets, the sun, the moon and so on. the origin of the universe was unique and the probability of it occurring by "chance" is zero.
When describing the creation of the "heavens and the earth," the Qur'an does not discount the theory of a "Big Bang" explosion at the start of it all. In fact, the Qur'an says that "the heavens and the earth were joined together as one unit, before We clove them asunder" (21:30). Following this big explosion, Allah "turned to the sky, and it had been (as) smoke. He said to it and to the earth: 'Come together, willingly or unwillingly.' They said: 'We come (together) in willing obedience'" (41:11). Thus the elements and what was to become the planets and stars began to cool, come together, and form into shape, following the natural laws that Allah established in the universe.
All these amazing manifestation in the physical world in various forms, the process of creation, the distribution of the universe into various heaven, the motion of heavens, the motion of heavenly bodies and their special characteristics, are described in the Quran not to give lessons in astronomy or astrology, but as a reflection on the Glory, Grandeur, Control and Organisation of creator. They suggest in a marvelous sense on balance and harmony between the movement of different heavenly bodies, invidually as well as in relation to the whole universe.
There are several passages in the Quran which describe thewonderful creation of Allah s.w.t. All these draw human attention to the Glory of Allah s.w.t and show that all the universe, with its immanence space and unlimited number of celetial bodies, which seems so huge in comparison with man's world and beyond his comprehension, is just a tiny part of the Kingdom of Allah s.w.t. He is advised to take a lesson in astronomy. How many spiritual journeys we can make into Allah's miraculous phenomena in this universe, wich is simultaneously huge and orderly!
Our mind, as well as our finest and most developed machinery, fail to reach the depths of its vastness or conceive the hugeness of its stars and planets or comprehend the miraculous precision in their undisturbed circulation. The organization and control of the heavenly bodies streches human understanding and even imagination, beyond their ability. The Qur'an further states that Allah created the sun, the moon, and the planets, each with their own individual courses or orbits. "It is He Who created the night and the day, and the sun and the moon; all (the celestial bodies) swim along, each in its rounded course" (21:33)
THE HEAVENS & PLANETS
The Islamic concept of heavens is not easy as it seems at first. The Arabic word for sama and it’s plural alsamawat have been used in the Quran. It is usually translated as “heavens” or “sky” but may also being translated as “space”. According to the Quran and also the Hadith, the sevn heavens arranged one above the other. There are Hadith which even mentioned the distances between them. Anyway the concept of the seven heavens in Islamic Cosmology does not exist in modern science.
Therefore the theistic evolutionist explain that the seven heavens refers to the solar system or galaxies. This concept is absolutely wrong according to the Islamic Perspective. Actually all the stars, plantes, comets, nebule and so on are under the first heaven and other heavens are above it. Some theistic evolutionists have even compared stratosphere, ionosphere and so on with the seven heavens. The Quran has clearly mentioned to us about the first heaven in surah 67:5
“we have adorned the lowest heaven with lamps and we made such (lamps) missiles to drive away the evil ones”
Cosmology covers all existance things including the earth and other creations in the heavens. The universe is consist of the sun, all planets and galaxies. Each galaxy consist of 100 million of stars. The earth galaxy is called Milky Way which consist about 100,000 million stars. All planets moved around the sun on the orbit. Man can only discovers the seven heavens in the outer space with the help of knowledge, perhaps in science and technology as stated in surah Al-Rahman, verse 33.
THE EARTH
The earth was extended after the certain of heavens but the phrase is used in this verse does not neccessarily convey a sense of order. Ibnu Abbas interprete:
“God created the earth in two days, then He created the heavens and then, He comprehended them in His design and gave them order and perfection in next two days, He extended the earth and made out of it water and pasture land and created mountains, trees, reefs, and all other things in between the earth and the heavens.
According to Ibnu Kathir, the earth was created on Sunday and Monday and everything in it for man’s benefit on Tuesday and Wednesday and the Heaven in the last two days that is Thursday and Friday. To sum up, the earth is created before the creation of heavens. Moreover, the Quran also mentioned that the earth and the heavens are initially united together but later separated as statec in the Quran.
“Do not the unbelievers see that the heavens and earth were joined together (as one unit) of creation before we clove them asunder.
PHYSICS
According to the Big Bang Theory, the Universe experienced an unbelievable explosion from the hot gases that were forming it, which caused the Universe (which consisted of the ball of gases) to split and expand. The Earth was separated then from the gaseous mass that was forming the Universe. The gases according to the scientific articles below in this articles made" the universe be consisted of compact ball of hydrogen- proton, neutrons, electrons, and their anti-particle- plus radiation.
In ancient times a well-known theory by the name of "Theory of Atomic" was widely accepted. This theory was originally proposed by the Greek, in particular by a man called Democritus, who lived about 23 centuries ago. Democritus and the people that came after him, assumed that the smallest unit of matter was the atom. The Arabic used the believe the same. The Arabic word dharrah most commonly meant an atom. In recent times modern science has discovered that it is possible to split further is a development of the 20th century. Fourteen centuries ago this concept would have appeared unusual even to an Arab. For him the dharrah was the limit beyond which one could not go. [Al-Quran 34:3]
"The Unbelievers say, 'Never to us will come The Hour': say, 'Nay! But most surely,By my Lord, it will come Upon you- by Him Who knows the unseen-From Whom is not hidden The least little atom in the Heavens or on earth: Nor is there anything less Than that, or greater, but Is in the Record Perspicuous."
[Al-Quran 34:3]
This verse refers to the Omniscience of God, His knowledge of all things, hidden or apparent. It then goes further and says that God is aware of everything, including what is smaller or bigger than the atom. Thus the verse clearly shows that the atom to exist, a fact discovered only recently by modern science.
GEOLOGY
In Geology, the phenomenon of “folding”, is recently discovered fact. Folding is responsible for the formation of mountain ranges. The earth’ crust, on which we live is like a solid shell, while the deeper layers are hot and fluid and thus inhospitable to any form of life. Geologists tell us that the radius of the Earth is about 3,750 miles and the crust on which we live is very thin, it has a high possibility of shaking. Mountains act like stakes or tent pegs that hold the earth’s crust and give it stability.
The surface of the earth is broken into many rigid plates that are about 100 km in thickness. These plates float on a partially molten region called aesthenosphere. Mountain formations occur at the boundary of the plates. The earth’s crust is 5 km thick below oceans, about 35 km thick below thick below flat continental sirfaces and almost 80km thick below great mountain ranges (79:32)
GEOGRAPHY
THE SUN AND MOON
The fact that the sun is a direct source of light and the moon having no light of its own and merely a reflective body is common knowledge today. About 1419 years ago such specific detail were not commonly known. Yet, in the Quran, moonlight is described as “munir”” a work meaning to reflect. The sun is compared to a blazing lamp “wahhaj” or tor touch “siraj”. A precise and accurate description of the differences between sunlight and moonlight.
“blessed in the one placed the constellation in heaven and placed therein a lamp and a moon giving light” (al Furqan:61)
For a long time European philosophers and scientists believe that the earth stood still at the centre of the universe and every planetory body including the sun moves around it. In 1906, the German astronomer Nova, in which he concluded that not only do the planets moved in elliptical orbit around the sun but they also rotate upon their axis at irregular speed.
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“It is He who created the night and the day and the sun and the moon all (the celestial bodies) swim along each in its rounded course. (Yasin:42)
The sun and the moon together produce tides and are responsible for atmospheric changes which are of the highest important element in the world. The sun is the source of energy in our daily life. It gives out hear for man and for the trees to grow, set up the time for prayers.
THE WATER CYCLE
In Europe, it was not until the 16 th century that Bernard Palissy presented the first coherent description of the water cycle. He described how water evaporate from the ocean and cool to perform clouds. The clouds move inland where they rise, condense and fall as rain. The rain gathers in lake and streams and flow back to the ocean in continuous cycle. The Quran had already mentioned about this in surah Al-Rum, verse 48.
“It is God who send the wind and they raise the clouds then He spread them in the sky as He wills breaking them into fragments until you see rain drops falling within them then He has made them reach those of His servants He wills see whom they rejoice”
With the existence of rain, we can obtain electricity from electrical programmes. Water is widely used for domestic purpose and also irrigation. In addition, the ocean brings for instance tremendous benefits to mankind. Mainly as a source of income where we can get foods and also treasures the sea such as pearl,as well as for transportation.
ZOOLOGY
The creation Of The Animal Kingdom
BEES
In the Al-Quran, bees are the subject of the longest commentary (16:68)
It is known that the pattern of a bee's dance is a means ofcommunication to other bees; in this way, bees are able to convey to their own species the direction and distance of flowers from which nectar is to be gathered. The famous experiment performed by von Frisch bas shown the meaning of this insect’s movement which is intended to transmit information between worker bees.
SPIDERS
Spiders are mentioned in the Quran to stress the flimsiness of their dweling, it is the most fragile of all. They have a refuge that is as precarious, according to the Quran, as the dwelling of those who have chosen masters other than Allah.
(Surah 29:41)
A spider’s web is indeed constituted of silken threads secreted by the animal’s glands and their caliber is infinitely fine. Its fragility cannot be imitated by man.
Naturalists are intrigued by the extraordinary pattern of work recorded by the animal’s nervous cells, which allows it to produce a geometrically perfect web; but the Quran does not refer to this.
BIRDS
Birds are frequently mentioned in the Quran. They appear in episodes in the life of Abraham, Joseph, David, Solomon and Jesus. These references do not however have any bearing on the subject in hand.
The verse concerning the existence of animal communities on the ground and bird communities in the sky has been noted above: Verse in Surah 6:38, Surah 16:79 and Surah 67:19 express the idea that holds the birds up in His Power.
It has been perfectly possible to compare these verse, which stress the extremely close dependence of the bird’s behavior on divine order, to modern data sowing the degree of perfection attained by certain species of birds with regard to the progrmming of their movemeants. It is indeed only the existence of a migratory program in the genetic code of birds that can account fir the extremely long and complicated journeys which very young birds, without any prior experience and without any guide, are able to accomplish in addition to a return to their departure point on a presscribed data. It must be acknowledged that the highly complicated instructure for a journey of this kind simply have to be contained in the bird’s nervous cell. They are most definitely programmed by Allah.
THE ANTS
There are about 10,000 species of ants and they live essentilally everywhere on earth. They have been around for million years or so, with fossil ants nearly identical to ants of today. Most species live in highly organized colonies with a queen, a few males for mating and many female workers.
The Queen flies out is mated (like honeybee, the males fall dead) and finds a new place. She lays egg-100 an hour, 30,000 in a week. After about 20 days, the eggs turn into wormlike larvae, which the queen washes and feeds. After another 20 days or so, the ants are ready to face the world. They instinctively know the role they are to play. The first ones out are always gatherers. They go out and get food to bring back to the next for queen. Her job now is only t lay eggs.
Ant colonies depend on the female of the species for their creation and their continued existance. The Queen and all the workers are female. Interestingly, scripture, clearly indicates the female gender of workers ants a fact that could not have been known when the Quran was revealed.
And in the Quran, surah 27 (An-Naml), entitles “The Ant” there is the charming story of Solomon’s troops (prophet Sulaiman) verse 18 and 19.
THE CAMEL
Camel’s creation is its own miracles. The camel is not always seen as a beautiful animal. But, it is absolutely perfect for what it needs to do and where it needs to survive. This is a gift from God. Without camels, no one could travel in the dessert, so huge sections of the world be not just difficult to live on, but completely unlivable.
All of the camel is practical for his survival and for his service to man. A camel’s feet, although hoofed, have large pads that spread out in the soft sand to keep the animal from sinking in. His face is deigned as protection from sun and sand. The thick eyebrows, heavy eyelids that can close in heavy storms.
Most incredible is how the camel deals with heat and lack of water. First of all, camels have a low metabolic race energy is used slowly. The body temperature has a wide range of normal. It may start the day at 94 and hit 105 in the heat of the afternoon. The camel is one of few animals that can sweat.
The coarse body hair, which acts as a protection against the direct sun, also allows the camel this ability to sweat. Sweating is a more efficient cooling system than panting (as a dogs) as less precious fluid is lost. Additionallly, in its increadibly efficient way, the camel does not sweat until its body temperature is near the top of its range.
BOTANY
The Creation Of The Plant Kingdom
In the Quran, there is no reference to the evolution of the plant kingdom. God had obviously mentioned that He has created all kinds of fruit and plants. For example in the Quran:
“with it (rain) He produces for you corn, olives, date-palms, grapes and every kind of fruits”.
The Quran clearly says that all kinds of plants grew from the earth when the rain falls. It would be quite right to assume that all different kinds of plants grew simultenously, although the possibilities of their appearing at different time cannot be excluded. However, according to the Holy Book, all different kind plants, no matter how similar they are should be taken to be all separately created and not did they evolve from one another over the vast span of time because there is no evidence from the Quran which mentioned even indirectly about evolution.
There is a lot of reason behind the creation of flora. Allah has created all kinds of plants and trees in order to make the temperature lower, for food generally and for commercial purposes such as logging. As a matter of fact, overlogging can cause serious effects such as soil erosion, land slide and so on. The function of trees has been mentioned by Allah in the Al-Quran.
The male and female component of flowers commonly coexist in the same flower but may be located on different flowers and sometimes on different plants. When a flower is fertilized by pollen originating from the same flower or another flower on the same plant, fertilization is known as self pollination. When a flower is fertilized by pollen originating from another plant, fertilization is known as cross-pollination
(3:247).
Fruit is the end product of reproduction of the superior plants. The stage preceding fruit is the flower, which has male and female organs (stamen and ovules). Once pollen has been carried to the flower, they bear fruit, which in turn matures and frees its seed. All fruit therefore imply the existence of male and female organs; a fact that is mentioned in the Quran.
In certain species, fruit can come from non-fertilized flowers (parthenocarpic fruit). For example: bananas, certain types of pineapples, fig, orange, vine and so on. They also have definite sexual characteristics.
Stages Of Man’s Creation according to Al-Quran
Clay – Sperm – Blood – Congealed Blood – Flesh – Spirit – Birth Of A Child
EMBRYOLOGY
Man Is Created From Alaq-A Leech-Like Substance
A few years ago a group of Arabs collected all information concerning embryology from the Quran and followed the instruction of the Quran:
“If ye realise this not,ask Of those who possess the Message (Al-Quran 16:43&21:7)
The word alaq besides meaning a congealed clot of blood also means something that clings, a leech-like substance. To check this out he studied the initial stage of the embryo under a very powerful microscope in his laboratory and compared what he observed with a diagram of a leech and he was astonished at the striking resemblance between the two! In the same manner, he acquired more information on embryolory, that was hitherto not known to him, from the Quran.
Man Created From A Drop Emitted From Between The Back Bone And The Ribs
In embryonic stages, the reproductive organs of the male and female, the testicles and the ovaries, begin their development near the kidney between the spinal column and the elevent and twelfth ribs. Later they descend; the female gonads (ovaries) stop in the pelvis while the male gonads (testicles) continue their descent before birth to reach the scrotum through the inguinal canal. Even in the adult after the descent of the reproductive organ, these organs receive their nerve supply and blood supply from the Abdominal Aorta, which is in the area between the backbone (spinal column) and the ribs. Even the Iymphatic drainage and the venous return goes to the same area.
HUMAN BEINGS CREATED FROM NUTFAH (Minute Quantity of Liquid)
The Glorious Quran mentions no less than eleven times that the human being is created from nutfah, which means minute quantity of liquid or a trickle of liquid which remains after emptying a cup. This is mentioned in several verse of the Quran including 22:5 and 23:13.
Science has confirmed in recent times that only one out of an average of three million sperms is required for fertilising the ovum. This means that only a 1/three millionth part or 0.00003% of the quantity of sperms that are emitted is required for fertilisation.
HUMAN BEINGS CREATED FROM SULALAH (quintessence of liquid)
The Arabic word sulalah means quintessence or the best part of a whole. We have come to know now that only one single spermatozoon that penetrates the ovum is required for fertilization, out of the several millions, is referred to in the Quran as sulalah. Sulalah also means gentle extraction from a fluid. The fluid refers to both male and female germinal fluids containing gametes. Both ovum and sperm are gently extracted from their environment in the process of fertilization.
CREATION OF KHALIFAH
Adam is an Arabic word for man. He was the progenitor of human race. He is reckoned to be the first prophet by the Muslims. He was also the first man whom Almighty Allah had created from the elements of clay. The Holy Quran affirms:
"O' mankind! Surely We created you from dust." (Surah 30: Verse 20)
The gradual process of man's physical development has been referred to in the following Verses of the Holy Quran:
"He began the creation of man from dust. Then He made his progeny of an extract of water held in light esteem. Then He made him complete and breathed into him of His spirit and made for you ears and eyes and heart." (Surah 32: 7-9)
According to the latest scientific researches the man has been created from clay with all its element and their inherent properties. It is discovered by a chemical analysis of the human body that a defect occurs in its normal functioning when the quantity of any of these element gets diminished. In such case vitamins are used to supplement the deficiency and restore normal health.
The Creation of Prophet Adam
Before the creation of mortal, Almighty Allah directed all the Angels to assemble. Thousands upon thousands of Angels (created from light) and Jinns (created from fire) gathered in groups. They bowed respectfully in the presence of Almighty Allah. The Creator of the universe declared that He intended to create the man and sought their counsel. The Angels and Iblis (Satan) disapproved the idea and pointed out that human beings would cause disorder on the earth. They would make mischief and shed blood indiscriminately. The Holy Quran gives a description of this event in the following Verses:
"And when your Lord said to the angels: I am about to appoint a vicegerent in the earth. They said: Will you place therein such as will cause disorder in it or shed blood ? We celebrate your praise and extol your holy names. He answered: I know what you know not." (Surah 2: Verse 30)
Hawa Created
In order to remove the lonesomeness of Adam, a female mate named Hawa (Eve) was created. The Prophet Adam (peace be upon him) and his wife Hawa were given a place in the Garden (of Bliss) to reside. The Holy Quran affirms:
"And O' Adam! Dwell you and your wife in the Garden (of Bliss) and eat there from wherever you will but approach not this tree lest you should be: among the wrong-doers." (Surah 7: Verse 20)
CONCLUSION
The Quran , being the Book of Allah s.w.t is an absolute eternal Truth. The Quran has added new dimensions to the study of physical phenomena and helped man’s mind to go beyond the barriers of the material universe. It has shown him that matter is not tobe despised as something mean or low, since it has signs leading man towards God and His Mysteries and Attributes. All the universe with it vast spaces is creation of god and the Quran invites man to study it and discover for himself its mysteries and wonders and endeavour to use its widespread resources for his benefit. Thus, the Quran takes man to God by means of His creation and concrete realities that are found in the earth and the heaven. The denial of the creator by scientists leads to the use of his resources for the destruction of the person and values of man. He may fully reap the benefits from the bounties of God and enjoy the life of luxury and plenty but, in this state of ingratitude to tha creator, he deprived of real peace of mind and happiness. For material abundance and richness does not provide full mental and spiritual satisfaction to man. Questions such as:
Who are we?
From where have we come? And to where will we go? What is the universe?Who created it and Who controls it? What will become of it? What is the purpose of our creation? Are we just like other creatures? All this and many other similar questions will remain unanswered and will continue disturbing the peace of the human mind.
From among the innumerable stars, the piercing bright stars have been mentioned as evidence, because they attract the attention of persons with sight towards themselves, on account of their brightness, and through the eyes hint at the real “goal” of man. This is the point about which the evidence of the sky and the bright stars has been presented. “This evidence means that the brightness of the stars in this not only invites man to look them but also invites him contemplate over them, and think seriously about them. When the night falls the sky is decorated with lamps and such shining lamps that their brightness astounds human intellect.
Written by:
MAWARNI NAJWA BINTI JAFRI
101416
GROUP 97
COURSE AED
Thursday, November 18, 2010
Wednesday, November 17, 2010
ZINA IN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE
Definition of Zina
Zina can be defined as the sexual intercourse between a man and a woman not married to each other[1].It is not a matter whether it is adultery (where the participants are married people) or fornication (when they are unmarried). The man who fornicates is called “zani” and the woman is called “zaniyah”. Islam regards Zina in any case as a great sin.
“ Do not come near to adultery for it is shameful deed and an evil, opening road to other evils”(17:32)
Besides that, the Prophet declared Zina to be the greatest evil after Shirk (association of something with Allah). Prophet said :
“There is no sin after Shirk greater in the eyes of Allah than a drop of semen which a man places in the womb which is not lawful for him.” (Al-Bukhari, Kitab Al-Hudud)
Allah has reserved great torments for adulterers in the hereafter. The Prophet is reported as saying that a most foul smell would emanate in Hell from the private parts of an adulterer. He is also reported to have said that Allah will open in the grave of the adulterer eighty doors of hell which will emerge scorpions and snakes to bite him until the Day of Resurrection.
Hanafis describe zina as a fiqh term as follows: the sexual intercourse of a man who is mukallaf (responsible) with religious decrees with a woman who is mature enough to be desired for sexual intercourse and who is not his wife or female slave in an Islamic country from the front part of their bodies.
It is necessary for the glans of the penis to enter the vagina for the punishment of hadd to be carried out.[2] The intercourse less than it, for instance, kissing, hugging, rubbing the penis between the thighs, do not necessitate the punishment of hadd (punishment fixed by the Quran) although they are haram. Since small children and insane people are not mukallaf, their fornication does not necessitate the punishment of hadd. On the other hand, according to Abu Hanifa, anal intercourse with a man or woman (liwat) is not decreed as zina because it cannot be defined as zina. Abu Yusuf, Imam Muhammad, Shafii, Hanbalis and Malikis hold the opposite view. Intercourse with a dead woman and an animal is not decreed as zina, either, because that kind of intercourse is not regarded as normal by healthy people. In addition, it is necessary that the man or the woman be not forced to commit fornication. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said:
"My ummah (community) will not be accounted for the things that they do by mistake, forgetting and being forced." (Bukhari, Hudud, 22; Talaq, II; Abu Dawud, Hudud, 17; Tirmidhi, Hudud, 1; Ibn Majah, Talaq, 15).
1. Woman in Shariah (Islamic Law), Abdur Rahman I.Doi,6, 1989, Ta Ha Publishers Ltd
2. What is Fornication? http://www.questionsonislam.com/index.php?s=show_qna&id=1219
Factors Leading to Adultery
There are several factors leading to adultery. The main factor of adultery is because having a weak faith. [3]One of the signs of weak faith is a person commit sins over and over again. As the result, he reaches a stage where he feels that his heart has turns into a solid rock that is not affected by anything. Allah says:
"And yet, after this, your hearts hardened and became like rocks, or even harder." (2:74).
The promises, warnings, commands, prohibitions, and descriptions of the Day of Judgment do not make his eyes flood with tears, or his heart quiver, or his soul shiver. Consequently, he gets bored and tired when he listens to the recital of the Qur'an. For instance, he knows that there is a verse which prohibits him from doing Zina but he ignores the verse and keeps on doing it.
Besides that, factor of adultery is looking at the Non- Mahram.. Man should lower their gaze whenever he meets with Ajnabi woman. Allah says:“Tell the believing men to lower their gaze (from looking at forbidden things), and protect their private parts (from illegal sexual acts)” (24: 30).Men must lower their gaze and refrain from looking at forbidden things in all circumstances, unless there is a valid reason, such as giving testimony, medical treatment, proposing marriage, engaging in financial transactions such as buying and selling. These activities are permissible by Islam. However, a man should follow the conditions given like to look much as required.
The third factor lead to adultery is many women neglecting the importance of covering their aurah. The aurah of female is the whole body with the exception of the face, hands, and feet. A woman may not show her aurah to anyone except her husband and muslim male whom she cannot marry like father, brother , son, uncle and others.
Islamic dress helps safeguard the modesty and decency of a person and the moral ideal of society, where sex is permitted only in marriage. There is a deep impact which outer modesty makes on inner spiritual well-being. Also, inner spirituality is reflected on one's appearance. Allah says:
"And say to the believing women that they should lower their gaze and guard their modesty; that they should not display their beauty and ornaments (in public) beyond what may decently be apparent. Hence, let them draw their head-coverings over their bosoms. And let them not display (more of) their charms to any but their husbands, or their father,.."[24:31]. Allah asks the husband and father to ensure that his wives or daughters to wear hijab and cover their aurah properly.
"O Prophet! Tell your wives, daughters and the believing woman that they should draw their outer garments (hijab), over their persons (when in public). That is more proper that they should be recognized (as decent women) and not molested." [33:59]
The Effects of Adultery
Islam abhors adultery and enjoins upon muslims to keep away from all those things which might prove to leading towards adultery and fornication. Adultery causes negative impacts toward individual, family institutions and the society.
First of all, adultery destroys the family institutions. The adulterers did not get married and they will get an illegitimate child. An illegitimate in Arabic language is walad azzina. Walad Azzina refers to a child without legal marriage. According to Muzakarah of National Fatwa Council, an illegitimate child cannot be bin with his father. Besides, the child cannot inherit the father properties and if the child is a girl, the father is not allowed to be the wali. That is why Islam introduces the concept of marriage/azzawaj to prevent adultery and illegitimate child.
According to official reports, the National Registration Department (NRD) reported that more than 257,000 registered without a birth certificate records the name of the father, since the year 2000 and in July 2008.This means that on average, 2.500 cases of illegitimate children are recorded at 83.3 cases per month or every day. If extended further, a case of registration of an illegitimate child occurs in every 17 minutes 17 seconds! The number of illegitimate child in every state are confirmed and certified.*
terms of health, it is proven that adultery causes the spread of HIV and AIDS diseases. The most common ways in which HIV is spreading throughout the world include sexual contact. Sexual transmission of HIV has been described from men to men, women to men, and women to women through vaginal, onal and oral sex. Normally this disease is easily spread when the person keep exchange his or her mate.As the saying goes, prevention is better than cure. Therefore, all the muslims are advised to stay away from this evil thing as it will harm their health.
Nowadays we can see the social problems among teenagers are increasing from day to day. The female teens will kill her innocent baby by dumping her baby into the drains, dustbins, and bushes. These immoral activities bring bad reputation to the country. I will enclose the statistic of baby dumping in Malaysia to show that this crime is become worse.
ARCHIVES UTUSAN MALAYSIA: 07/04/2010 Selangor recorded the highest cases of baby dumping - Shahrizat
KUALA LUMPUR, 7 April - Selangor recorded a number of cases of baby dumping and abuse of children is highest in the country over the last five years starting in 2005, the People's Assembly was told today.
Minister of Women, Family and Community Development, Datuk Seri Shahrizat Abdul Jalil said, according to statistics of the Royal Malaysia Police (PDRM), Selangor recorded 105 cases of baby dumping, while the statistics department of Social Welfare (JKM) is recorded 3.234 cases of child abuse.
"In total, 407 cases were recorded relating to removal of the baby and 10.758 cases of child abuse and infant was recorded over the last five years," he said.
He said this when answering a question Datuk Ismail Abd Muttalib (BN-Maran) who wanted to know the number of cases of waste and abuse of infants for the period 2005-2010 by state and because the incident occurred and that the government action in dealing with these symptoms.
Besides Selangor, Johor recorded 83 cases of baby dumping, Sabah (65), Sarawak (34), Negeri Sembilan (24), Penang (22), Perak (19), Pahang and Kedah (17), Kelantan (10), Terengganu (5), Malacca (3), Kuala Lumpur (2) and Perlis (1). - Bernama
How to Prevent Adultery Among Muslims.
There are many ways to solve the adultery among muslims in Malaysia. The best way to overcome adultery is marriage. Marriage structures the basic unit of human society and lays the foundation of the family. Healthy families are required for the cohesive preservation of the human race. So Allah commands the believers to marry for its benefits morally, spiritually, socially, and psychologically. Allah says:
“And among His signs in this that He created for you mates from among yourselves, that you may dwell in tranquility with them, and He has put love and mercy between your hearts..”
The Holy Prophet (peace and blessing of Allah be on him) said: "Marriage is my precept and my practice. Those who do not follow my practice are not of me." Prophet also said: "When a man has married, he has completed one half of his religion."
It should be perfectly clear by now that Islam does not permit sexual relations, even preliminary acts of physical love, outside of marriage. To remain sexually inactive and chaste before marriage is an extremely important injunction in the Holy Qur'an. Adultery, fornication and having secret relationships with the opposite sex is a heinous moral lapse which is categorically condemned in the strongest terms by Islam. This prohibition includes dating, secret paramours and experimental living together. As these are regarded as heavy sins, they carry severe penalties. (See Holy Qur'an, 24:3-4).
The Holy Qur'an has provided the means for maintaining chastity. It directs believing men and women to restrain themselves from looking at each so openly as to be sexually excited by them. It further directs them to restrain their ears from listening to flirtatious and tempting talk and to avoid occasions which might lead to temptation. Fasting, dieting and exercise also help to control passions and maintain chastity.
Islam regards marriage as the means by which man's natural urges and needs, both physical and emotional, are controlled and satisfied at the same time. Uncontrolled and uninhibited satisfaction of physical desire is simply not permitted in Islam. Adultery and fornication are grave sins. A Muslim man cannot go to any woman and merely satisfy his physical desires; he has to do so through a legal contract of marriage, which carries with it the additional responsibilities, duties and liabilities of family and children for the rest of his life.
The result of this restriction is the creation of a society whose morals are protected. In fact, the Holy Qur'an mentions the marriage contract (nikah) by the word ihsan, which means a fortress. The man who contracts marriage is a muhsin, that is he builds a fortress. The woman who marries him is a muhsinah, which means that she has come into the protection of that fort, in order to protect herself and their morals.
Because of the grave dangers that children and others are now exposed to from an early age, it is important to pay attention to this aspect of education.
Appropriate sex education[4] at the proper time and manner is not only desirable but necessary. It is especially because of the destructive trends in the world of today.
Sex education is taught within the framework of religious obligations. A mother or female teacher would naturally be the best person to teach a daughter and the father or male teacher a son.
Children are taught what is permissible and what is forbidden with reasons and consequences. No immoral or dissolute person is therefore allowed to teach.
All teaching is to be imparted within the limits of modesty and chastity and no encouragements should be given to lewdness and experimentation.
Sex education is imparted in stages according to the natural physical and emotional development of children. The ages given below for each stage is approximate and may be vary slightly from child to child.
1. The age between 7-10 are called the age of discretion at which training is given, for example etiquette of asking permission to enter room. Significantly a child is recommended to begin performing salah from the age of 7.This requires the proper etiquette of maintaining personal hygiene, including the washing of private parts after going to toilet. The context in which private parts are discussed allows the subject to be mentioned openly and naturally and without any unhealthy secretiveness or coarseness
2. The age between ten and fourteen known as the age of puberty in which the child is prepared for the next stage but trained to keep away from all sexual passions. A child is trained to perform salah regularly from the age of 10. In Surah Al-Ankabut Allah says that salah can keep one away from all that is “shameful and bad”.
3. The age normally between 13-16 known as maturity at which the child now turned adult is taught to practice chastity and self-restraint until marriage or if for whatever reason he or she is unable to marry.
The urologist, *Dr Ismail Thamby said Sex education should be taught in schools in order to create awareness among youths the consequences of having free sex.
Normally young people will not think of the consequences of their actions because they are easily driven by factors such as influence by pornographic materials on the Internet, as well as they lack religious knowledge.
4. Islam the Natural Way, Abdul Wahid Hamid,77-79, MELS Publishing,1989
If sex education is implemented in schools, the most important thing is not so much of teaching them how to have sex in the safest way but more for them to think of the consequences to them and society.
According to Dr Ismail, the social responsibility should be borne by everybody and not to any particular group, to ensure that youngsters realize the actual role of sex.
However, the government will not implement the subject yet as some organizations claim that Sex education will bring more disadvantages rather than the advantages. This issue is still kept debating. There is no decision yet made by the government.
Punishment for Zina
There are definite hadd punishments [1] for adulterers mentioned in the Quran and Sunnah. The Quranic injunctions were revealed little by little so as to be easily acceptable to the new converts to Islam who were steeped in the vice of Zina during the Days of Ignorance.
The first revelation was about women. It said:“ If any of your women are guilty of adultery, take the evidence of four witnesses from amongst you against them, and if they testify confine them to houses until death do claim them, or Allah ordains for them some other way” (4:15)
The second revelation covered both men and women: “If two persons among you are guilty of adultery, punish them both. If they repent and amend themselves, leave them alone, for Allah is Oft- returning, Most Merciful” (4:16)
The third revelation prescribed a specific punishment for adultery. It reads: “The woman and the man guilty of Zina, flog each of them with a hundred stripes; let no compassion move you in their case, in a matter prescribed by Allah, if you believe in Allah and The Last Day; and let a party of the believers witness their punishment “(24:2)
When this verse was revealed, it was understood that those guilty of adultery should be given a hundred lashes as a punishment. The Prophet clarified the injunction :
“Take from me, accept from me. Undoubtedly Allah has now shown the path for them. For unmarried person, the punishments is hundred lashes and exile for one year. For married adulterers, it is hundred lashes and stoning to death.”(Al-Bukhari, Kitab Al-Hudud)
1. Woman in Shariah(Islamic Law), Abdur Rahman I. Doi,119, Ta Ha Publishers Ltd. 1989
Some jurists take the view that because a person guilty of adultery is to be stoned to death, there is no need to punish him with a hundred lashes. They take support from the fact that the Prophet stoned two jewish adulterers to death and did not punish them with the lashes. However, Caliph Ali punished a woman with a lashes on a Thursday and stoned her on a Friday. He maintained that he gave the lashes in accordance with the command of Allah and stoned her according to the command of the Messenger of Allah.
The punishment of the fornication of a single man and a single woman is one hundred stripes; the punishment of the fornication of a married man is rajm (stoning to death). Allah, the Exalted, states the following: "The woman and the man guilty of adultery or fornication― flog each of them with a hundred stripes: let not compassion move you in their case, in a matter prescribed by Allah, if ye believe in Allah and the Last Day: and let a party of the Believers witness their punishment " (an-Nur:2). The Arabic word “jaldah” (stripe) means hitting on the skin without penetrating the flesh. While flogging, thick clothes like the coat, jacket, etc of the person is taken off; the other clothes are not taken off.
The following conditions must first be fulfilled before a person can be stoned to death as a punishment.
The adulterer must be over the age of puberty. A child who has not reached the age of puberty cannot be given the punishment of hadd. If a man fornicates with a small girl, the punishment of hadd is not necessary for the girl but it is necessary for the man. The girl is not mukallaf but the man is and he is responsible for what he does. (Bilmen, Omer Nasuhi, Hukuku Islamiye, 3/203, Zina Bolumu)
2- They must be sane. An insane person cannot be given the punishment of hadd. If a sane man fornicates with an insane woman or if a sane woman fornicates with an insane man, the sane one is given the punishment of hadd.
3- According to most of the scholars, the punishment of hadd is given to both a Muslim and an unbeliever. However, according to Hanafis, a married unbeliever man is not stoned to death, he is flogged with stripes. According to Malikis, if an unbelieving man fornicates with an unbeliever woman, they are not given the hadd punishment. However, if they reveal it, they are given a different punishment. If an unbeliever man forces a Muslim woman for fornication, he is killed. According to Shafiis and Hanbalis, non-Muslims with passports of another country cannot be punished for fornication or drinking alcohol. They are the rights that interest Allah and the foreigners are not responsible for them.
4- Fornication must be carried out willfully. According to the majority of scholars, a person who is forced to fornicate cannot be given the punishment of hadd. Hanbalis hold the opposite view.
5- Fornication must take place between human beings. According to the three mazahib and the sound view among Shafiis, a person who fornicates with an animal is not given the punishment of hadd; he is given the punishment of tazir. The animal is not killed. According to the view of the majority of the scholars, there is no drawback to eating the meat of that animal. According to Hanbalis, the animal is killed with the witnessing of two men; the meat of that animal becomes haram and the price of the animal is paid to its owner.
6- Fornication must not be based on a suspicion. According to the majority of the scholars, if someone fornicates with a woman who is a stranger thinking that she is his wife or slave, the punishment of hadd is not necessary. According to Abu Hanifa and Abu Yusuf, the punishment of hadd is necessary. Here, there is suspicion about the doer. There is a unanimous agreement that the punishment of hadd is not necessary for a sexual intercourse after an invalid marriage, which is controversial in terms of madhhabs. The same thing is valid for the marriage of a girl without the permission of her parents or relatives or a marriage without witnesses. If the marriage is regarded invalid unanimously, then the punishment of hadd is carried out. Being married with two sisters at the same time, marrying a fifth woman while one is married with four women, marrying someone that is haram to marry in terms of relation or breastfeeding, marrying a woman who is waiting for iddah (the period of waiting by a woman who is divorced or whose husband has died) and marrying a woman that one has divorced three times before that woman marries someone else are invalid marriages, and the punishment of hadd are carried out for them after sexual intercourse. However, if the person claims that he did not know that it was haram, then sexual intercourse for the cases mentioned above does not necessitate the punishment of hadd.
7- The fornication must be in dar al-Islam (in an Islamic country). The head of the Islamic state have no authority or power over dar al-harb (a country of non-Muslims) or dar al-baghi (a country that has rebelled). That is, he cannot apply the punishment of hadd there.
8- The woman must be alive. According to the majority of the scholars, a person who has sexual intercourse with a dead woman is not given the punishment of hadd. In Malikis, the common view is just the opposite.
9- The sexual intercourse must be through the vagina and the glans of the penis must enter the vagina. Sexual intercourse through anus, according to Abu Hanifa, necessitates the punishment of tazir only. According to Abu Yusuf, Imam Muhammad and other three madhhabs, sexual intercourse through anus necessitates the punishment of hadd. Sexual contact with the thigh, abdomen, etc of the woman other than her sexual organ necessitates the punishment of tazir because it is a haram act for which a punishment has not been stated definitely by Shariah.
Let us be a good muslim. A good muslim will obey to all the commands of Allah. Allah says that adultery and fornication is haraam, therefore we have to prevent ourselves from adultery. We have to stay away from Zina as it is evil.
The Prophet S.A.W said the main reason why people commit adultery is they forget to lower the gaze. The men are very passionate look at unknown woman with lust and desire. The Prophet prohibits such looks by saying “Even to look at an unknown woman is also a sin.”
Adultery brings corruption to the society. The adulterers will not get married and thus ruins the family institutions. Many illegitimate children will be born. The illegitimate child will never get rights like other child. They cannot make their father as their wali and they will not inherit the father’s properties. That is why Islam prohibits adultery or sex before marriage to take care of the children’s right.
Every command that Allah has stated in Al-Quran is actually gives a lot of benefits and advantages to the mankind. Perhaps some people will think Islam discriminates the children’s rights by distinguishing between legitimate and illegitimate child. Islam has laid down some guidelines to the illegitimate children to remind people that family institution is given priority. Do you think Islam is evil? I do not think so as Islam is actually gives the welfare and mercy to all the society .
“…He has chosen you and has imposed no difficulties on you in your religion..” (22:78)
As a conclusion, together we put an effort to prevent Zina. Allah will never change the condition of a people until they change it themselves. We have to put trust in Allah,totally believe that there is a concrete reason why Allah prohibits adultery. Everyone must give cooperation to avoid adultery in our society.
Prophet said : “Whoever witnesses any evils, he has to change it with his hand ,if he is unable to do so, then change by his tongue, if he is unable to do so then he has to hate the evil in his heart and that is the lesser degree of iman.
We are really hoping the government will implement Islamic law in Malaysia. We believe that the hudud is the only way to deter and educate people to not commit zina.
Zina can be defined as the sexual intercourse between a man and a woman not married to each other[1].It is not a matter whether it is adultery (where the participants are married people) or fornication (when they are unmarried). The man who fornicates is called “zani” and the woman is called “zaniyah”. Islam regards Zina in any case as a great sin.
“ Do not come near to adultery for it is shameful deed and an evil, opening road to other evils”(17:32)
Besides that, the Prophet declared Zina to be the greatest evil after Shirk (association of something with Allah). Prophet said :
“There is no sin after Shirk greater in the eyes of Allah than a drop of semen which a man places in the womb which is not lawful for him.” (Al-Bukhari, Kitab Al-Hudud)
Allah has reserved great torments for adulterers in the hereafter. The Prophet is reported as saying that a most foul smell would emanate in Hell from the private parts of an adulterer. He is also reported to have said that Allah will open in the grave of the adulterer eighty doors of hell which will emerge scorpions and snakes to bite him until the Day of Resurrection.
Hanafis describe zina as a fiqh term as follows: the sexual intercourse of a man who is mukallaf (responsible) with religious decrees with a woman who is mature enough to be desired for sexual intercourse and who is not his wife or female slave in an Islamic country from the front part of their bodies.
It is necessary for the glans of the penis to enter the vagina for the punishment of hadd to be carried out.[2] The intercourse less than it, for instance, kissing, hugging, rubbing the penis between the thighs, do not necessitate the punishment of hadd (punishment fixed by the Quran) although they are haram. Since small children and insane people are not mukallaf, their fornication does not necessitate the punishment of hadd. On the other hand, according to Abu Hanifa, anal intercourse with a man or woman (liwat) is not decreed as zina because it cannot be defined as zina. Abu Yusuf, Imam Muhammad, Shafii, Hanbalis and Malikis hold the opposite view. Intercourse with a dead woman and an animal is not decreed as zina, either, because that kind of intercourse is not regarded as normal by healthy people. In addition, it is necessary that the man or the woman be not forced to commit fornication. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said:
"My ummah (community) will not be accounted for the things that they do by mistake, forgetting and being forced." (Bukhari, Hudud, 22; Talaq, II; Abu Dawud, Hudud, 17; Tirmidhi, Hudud, 1; Ibn Majah, Talaq, 15).
1. Woman in Shariah (Islamic Law), Abdur Rahman I.Doi,6, 1989, Ta Ha Publishers Ltd
2. What is Fornication? http://www.questionsonislam.com/index.php?s=show_qna&id=1219
Factors Leading to Adultery
There are several factors leading to adultery. The main factor of adultery is because having a weak faith. [3]One of the signs of weak faith is a person commit sins over and over again. As the result, he reaches a stage where he feels that his heart has turns into a solid rock that is not affected by anything. Allah says:
"And yet, after this, your hearts hardened and became like rocks, or even harder." (2:74).
The promises, warnings, commands, prohibitions, and descriptions of the Day of Judgment do not make his eyes flood with tears, or his heart quiver, or his soul shiver. Consequently, he gets bored and tired when he listens to the recital of the Qur'an. For instance, he knows that there is a verse which prohibits him from doing Zina but he ignores the verse and keeps on doing it.
Besides that, factor of adultery is looking at the Non- Mahram.. Man should lower their gaze whenever he meets with Ajnabi woman. Allah says:“Tell the believing men to lower their gaze (from looking at forbidden things), and protect their private parts (from illegal sexual acts)” (24: 30).Men must lower their gaze and refrain from looking at forbidden things in all circumstances, unless there is a valid reason, such as giving testimony, medical treatment, proposing marriage, engaging in financial transactions such as buying and selling. These activities are permissible by Islam. However, a man should follow the conditions given like to look much as required.
The third factor lead to adultery is many women neglecting the importance of covering their aurah. The aurah of female is the whole body with the exception of the face, hands, and feet. A woman may not show her aurah to anyone except her husband and muslim male whom she cannot marry like father, brother , son, uncle and others.
Islamic dress helps safeguard the modesty and decency of a person and the moral ideal of society, where sex is permitted only in marriage. There is a deep impact which outer modesty makes on inner spiritual well-being. Also, inner spirituality is reflected on one's appearance. Allah says:
"And say to the believing women that they should lower their gaze and guard their modesty; that they should not display their beauty and ornaments (in public) beyond what may decently be apparent. Hence, let them draw their head-coverings over their bosoms. And let them not display (more of) their charms to any but their husbands, or their father,.."[24:31]. Allah asks the husband and father to ensure that his wives or daughters to wear hijab and cover their aurah properly.
"O Prophet! Tell your wives, daughters and the believing woman that they should draw their outer garments (hijab), over their persons (when in public). That is more proper that they should be recognized (as decent women) and not molested." [33:59]
The Effects of Adultery
Islam abhors adultery and enjoins upon muslims to keep away from all those things which might prove to leading towards adultery and fornication. Adultery causes negative impacts toward individual, family institutions and the society.
First of all, adultery destroys the family institutions. The adulterers did not get married and they will get an illegitimate child. An illegitimate in Arabic language is walad azzina. Walad Azzina refers to a child without legal marriage. According to Muzakarah of National Fatwa Council, an illegitimate child cannot be bin with his father. Besides, the child cannot inherit the father properties and if the child is a girl, the father is not allowed to be the wali. That is why Islam introduces the concept of marriage/azzawaj to prevent adultery and illegitimate child.
According to official reports, the National Registration Department (NRD) reported that more than 257,000 registered without a birth certificate records the name of the father, since the year 2000 and in July 2008.This means that on average, 2.500 cases of illegitimate children are recorded at 83.3 cases per month or every day. If extended further, a case of registration of an illegitimate child occurs in every 17 minutes 17 seconds! The number of illegitimate child in every state are confirmed and certified.*
terms of health, it is proven that adultery causes the spread of HIV and AIDS diseases. The most common ways in which HIV is spreading throughout the world include sexual contact. Sexual transmission of HIV has been described from men to men, women to men, and women to women through vaginal, onal and oral sex. Normally this disease is easily spread when the person keep exchange his or her mate.As the saying goes, prevention is better than cure. Therefore, all the muslims are advised to stay away from this evil thing as it will harm their health.
Nowadays we can see the social problems among teenagers are increasing from day to day. The female teens will kill her innocent baby by dumping her baby into the drains, dustbins, and bushes. These immoral activities bring bad reputation to the country. I will enclose the statistic of baby dumping in Malaysia to show that this crime is become worse.
ARCHIVES UTUSAN MALAYSIA: 07/04/2010 Selangor recorded the highest cases of baby dumping - Shahrizat
KUALA LUMPUR, 7 April - Selangor recorded a number of cases of baby dumping and abuse of children is highest in the country over the last five years starting in 2005, the People's Assembly was told today.
Minister of Women, Family and Community Development, Datuk Seri Shahrizat Abdul Jalil said, according to statistics of the Royal Malaysia Police (PDRM), Selangor recorded 105 cases of baby dumping, while the statistics department of Social Welfare (JKM) is recorded 3.234 cases of child abuse.
"In total, 407 cases were recorded relating to removal of the baby and 10.758 cases of child abuse and infant was recorded over the last five years," he said.
He said this when answering a question Datuk Ismail Abd Muttalib (BN-Maran) who wanted to know the number of cases of waste and abuse of infants for the period 2005-2010 by state and because the incident occurred and that the government action in dealing with these symptoms.
Besides Selangor, Johor recorded 83 cases of baby dumping, Sabah (65), Sarawak (34), Negeri Sembilan (24), Penang (22), Perak (19), Pahang and Kedah (17), Kelantan (10), Terengganu (5), Malacca (3), Kuala Lumpur (2) and Perlis (1). - Bernama
How to Prevent Adultery Among Muslims.
There are many ways to solve the adultery among muslims in Malaysia. The best way to overcome adultery is marriage. Marriage structures the basic unit of human society and lays the foundation of the family. Healthy families are required for the cohesive preservation of the human race. So Allah commands the believers to marry for its benefits morally, spiritually, socially, and psychologically. Allah says:
“And among His signs in this that He created for you mates from among yourselves, that you may dwell in tranquility with them, and He has put love and mercy between your hearts..”
The Holy Prophet (peace and blessing of Allah be on him) said: "Marriage is my precept and my practice. Those who do not follow my practice are not of me." Prophet also said: "When a man has married, he has completed one half of his religion."
It should be perfectly clear by now that Islam does not permit sexual relations, even preliminary acts of physical love, outside of marriage. To remain sexually inactive and chaste before marriage is an extremely important injunction in the Holy Qur'an. Adultery, fornication and having secret relationships with the opposite sex is a heinous moral lapse which is categorically condemned in the strongest terms by Islam. This prohibition includes dating, secret paramours and experimental living together. As these are regarded as heavy sins, they carry severe penalties. (See Holy Qur'an, 24:3-4).
The Holy Qur'an has provided the means for maintaining chastity. It directs believing men and women to restrain themselves from looking at each so openly as to be sexually excited by them. It further directs them to restrain their ears from listening to flirtatious and tempting talk and to avoid occasions which might lead to temptation. Fasting, dieting and exercise also help to control passions and maintain chastity.
Islam regards marriage as the means by which man's natural urges and needs, both physical and emotional, are controlled and satisfied at the same time. Uncontrolled and uninhibited satisfaction of physical desire is simply not permitted in Islam. Adultery and fornication are grave sins. A Muslim man cannot go to any woman and merely satisfy his physical desires; he has to do so through a legal contract of marriage, which carries with it the additional responsibilities, duties and liabilities of family and children for the rest of his life.
The result of this restriction is the creation of a society whose morals are protected. In fact, the Holy Qur'an mentions the marriage contract (nikah) by the word ihsan, which means a fortress. The man who contracts marriage is a muhsin, that is he builds a fortress. The woman who marries him is a muhsinah, which means that she has come into the protection of that fort, in order to protect herself and their morals.
Because of the grave dangers that children and others are now exposed to from an early age, it is important to pay attention to this aspect of education.
Appropriate sex education[4] at the proper time and manner is not only desirable but necessary. It is especially because of the destructive trends in the world of today.
Sex education is taught within the framework of religious obligations. A mother or female teacher would naturally be the best person to teach a daughter and the father or male teacher a son.
Children are taught what is permissible and what is forbidden with reasons and consequences. No immoral or dissolute person is therefore allowed to teach.
All teaching is to be imparted within the limits of modesty and chastity and no encouragements should be given to lewdness and experimentation.
Sex education is imparted in stages according to the natural physical and emotional development of children. The ages given below for each stage is approximate and may be vary slightly from child to child.
1. The age between 7-10 are called the age of discretion at which training is given, for example etiquette of asking permission to enter room. Significantly a child is recommended to begin performing salah from the age of 7.This requires the proper etiquette of maintaining personal hygiene, including the washing of private parts after going to toilet. The context in which private parts are discussed allows the subject to be mentioned openly and naturally and without any unhealthy secretiveness or coarseness
2. The age between ten and fourteen known as the age of puberty in which the child is prepared for the next stage but trained to keep away from all sexual passions. A child is trained to perform salah regularly from the age of 10. In Surah Al-Ankabut Allah says that salah can keep one away from all that is “shameful and bad”.
3. The age normally between 13-16 known as maturity at which the child now turned adult is taught to practice chastity and self-restraint until marriage or if for whatever reason he or she is unable to marry.
The urologist, *Dr Ismail Thamby said Sex education should be taught in schools in order to create awareness among youths the consequences of having free sex.
Normally young people will not think of the consequences of their actions because they are easily driven by factors such as influence by pornographic materials on the Internet, as well as they lack religious knowledge.
4. Islam the Natural Way, Abdul Wahid Hamid,77-79, MELS Publishing,1989
If sex education is implemented in schools, the most important thing is not so much of teaching them how to have sex in the safest way but more for them to think of the consequences to them and society.
According to Dr Ismail, the social responsibility should be borne by everybody and not to any particular group, to ensure that youngsters realize the actual role of sex.
However, the government will not implement the subject yet as some organizations claim that Sex education will bring more disadvantages rather than the advantages. This issue is still kept debating. There is no decision yet made by the government.
Punishment for Zina
There are definite hadd punishments [1] for adulterers mentioned in the Quran and Sunnah. The Quranic injunctions were revealed little by little so as to be easily acceptable to the new converts to Islam who were steeped in the vice of Zina during the Days of Ignorance.
The first revelation was about women. It said:“ If any of your women are guilty of adultery, take the evidence of four witnesses from amongst you against them, and if they testify confine them to houses until death do claim them, or Allah ordains for them some other way” (4:15)
The second revelation covered both men and women: “If two persons among you are guilty of adultery, punish them both. If they repent and amend themselves, leave them alone, for Allah is Oft- returning, Most Merciful” (4:16)
The third revelation prescribed a specific punishment for adultery. It reads: “The woman and the man guilty of Zina, flog each of them with a hundred stripes; let no compassion move you in their case, in a matter prescribed by Allah, if you believe in Allah and The Last Day; and let a party of the believers witness their punishment “(24:2)
When this verse was revealed, it was understood that those guilty of adultery should be given a hundred lashes as a punishment. The Prophet clarified the injunction :
“Take from me, accept from me. Undoubtedly Allah has now shown the path for them. For unmarried person, the punishments is hundred lashes and exile for one year. For married adulterers, it is hundred lashes and stoning to death.”(Al-Bukhari, Kitab Al-Hudud)
1. Woman in Shariah(Islamic Law), Abdur Rahman I. Doi,119, Ta Ha Publishers Ltd. 1989
Some jurists take the view that because a person guilty of adultery is to be stoned to death, there is no need to punish him with a hundred lashes. They take support from the fact that the Prophet stoned two jewish adulterers to death and did not punish them with the lashes. However, Caliph Ali punished a woman with a lashes on a Thursday and stoned her on a Friday. He maintained that he gave the lashes in accordance with the command of Allah and stoned her according to the command of the Messenger of Allah.
The punishment of the fornication of a single man and a single woman is one hundred stripes; the punishment of the fornication of a married man is rajm (stoning to death). Allah, the Exalted, states the following: "The woman and the man guilty of adultery or fornication― flog each of them with a hundred stripes: let not compassion move you in their case, in a matter prescribed by Allah, if ye believe in Allah and the Last Day: and let a party of the Believers witness their punishment " (an-Nur:2). The Arabic word “jaldah” (stripe) means hitting on the skin without penetrating the flesh. While flogging, thick clothes like the coat, jacket, etc of the person is taken off; the other clothes are not taken off.
The following conditions must first be fulfilled before a person can be stoned to death as a punishment.
The adulterer must be over the age of puberty. A child who has not reached the age of puberty cannot be given the punishment of hadd. If a man fornicates with a small girl, the punishment of hadd is not necessary for the girl but it is necessary for the man. The girl is not mukallaf but the man is and he is responsible for what he does. (Bilmen, Omer Nasuhi, Hukuku Islamiye, 3/203, Zina Bolumu)
2- They must be sane. An insane person cannot be given the punishment of hadd. If a sane man fornicates with an insane woman or if a sane woman fornicates with an insane man, the sane one is given the punishment of hadd.
3- According to most of the scholars, the punishment of hadd is given to both a Muslim and an unbeliever. However, according to Hanafis, a married unbeliever man is not stoned to death, he is flogged with stripes. According to Malikis, if an unbelieving man fornicates with an unbeliever woman, they are not given the hadd punishment. However, if they reveal it, they are given a different punishment. If an unbeliever man forces a Muslim woman for fornication, he is killed. According to Shafiis and Hanbalis, non-Muslims with passports of another country cannot be punished for fornication or drinking alcohol. They are the rights that interest Allah and the foreigners are not responsible for them.
4- Fornication must be carried out willfully. According to the majority of scholars, a person who is forced to fornicate cannot be given the punishment of hadd. Hanbalis hold the opposite view.
5- Fornication must take place between human beings. According to the three mazahib and the sound view among Shafiis, a person who fornicates with an animal is not given the punishment of hadd; he is given the punishment of tazir. The animal is not killed. According to the view of the majority of the scholars, there is no drawback to eating the meat of that animal. According to Hanbalis, the animal is killed with the witnessing of two men; the meat of that animal becomes haram and the price of the animal is paid to its owner.
6- Fornication must not be based on a suspicion. According to the majority of the scholars, if someone fornicates with a woman who is a stranger thinking that she is his wife or slave, the punishment of hadd is not necessary. According to Abu Hanifa and Abu Yusuf, the punishment of hadd is necessary. Here, there is suspicion about the doer. There is a unanimous agreement that the punishment of hadd is not necessary for a sexual intercourse after an invalid marriage, which is controversial in terms of madhhabs. The same thing is valid for the marriage of a girl without the permission of her parents or relatives or a marriage without witnesses. If the marriage is regarded invalid unanimously, then the punishment of hadd is carried out. Being married with two sisters at the same time, marrying a fifth woman while one is married with four women, marrying someone that is haram to marry in terms of relation or breastfeeding, marrying a woman who is waiting for iddah (the period of waiting by a woman who is divorced or whose husband has died) and marrying a woman that one has divorced three times before that woman marries someone else are invalid marriages, and the punishment of hadd are carried out for them after sexual intercourse. However, if the person claims that he did not know that it was haram, then sexual intercourse for the cases mentioned above does not necessitate the punishment of hadd.
7- The fornication must be in dar al-Islam (in an Islamic country). The head of the Islamic state have no authority or power over dar al-harb (a country of non-Muslims) or dar al-baghi (a country that has rebelled). That is, he cannot apply the punishment of hadd there.
8- The woman must be alive. According to the majority of the scholars, a person who has sexual intercourse with a dead woman is not given the punishment of hadd. In Malikis, the common view is just the opposite.
9- The sexual intercourse must be through the vagina and the glans of the penis must enter the vagina. Sexual intercourse through anus, according to Abu Hanifa, necessitates the punishment of tazir only. According to Abu Yusuf, Imam Muhammad and other three madhhabs, sexual intercourse through anus necessitates the punishment of hadd. Sexual contact with the thigh, abdomen, etc of the woman other than her sexual organ necessitates the punishment of tazir because it is a haram act for which a punishment has not been stated definitely by Shariah.
Let us be a good muslim. A good muslim will obey to all the commands of Allah. Allah says that adultery and fornication is haraam, therefore we have to prevent ourselves from adultery. We have to stay away from Zina as it is evil.
The Prophet S.A.W said the main reason why people commit adultery is they forget to lower the gaze. The men are very passionate look at unknown woman with lust and desire. The Prophet prohibits such looks by saying “Even to look at an unknown woman is also a sin.”
Adultery brings corruption to the society. The adulterers will not get married and thus ruins the family institutions. Many illegitimate children will be born. The illegitimate child will never get rights like other child. They cannot make their father as their wali and they will not inherit the father’s properties. That is why Islam prohibits adultery or sex before marriage to take care of the children’s right.
Every command that Allah has stated in Al-Quran is actually gives a lot of benefits and advantages to the mankind. Perhaps some people will think Islam discriminates the children’s rights by distinguishing between legitimate and illegitimate child. Islam has laid down some guidelines to the illegitimate children to remind people that family institution is given priority. Do you think Islam is evil? I do not think so as Islam is actually gives the welfare and mercy to all the society .
“…He has chosen you and has imposed no difficulties on you in your religion..” (22:78)
As a conclusion, together we put an effort to prevent Zina. Allah will never change the condition of a people until they change it themselves. We have to put trust in Allah,totally believe that there is a concrete reason why Allah prohibits adultery. Everyone must give cooperation to avoid adultery in our society.
Prophet said : “Whoever witnesses any evils, he has to change it with his hand ,if he is unable to do so, then change by his tongue, if he is unable to do so then he has to hate the evil in his heart and that is the lesser degree of iman.
We are really hoping the government will implement Islamic law in Malaysia. We believe that the hudud is the only way to deter and educate people to not commit zina.
BANI ISRAEL
Nursyafikah Syahiza Bt Mohad Saleh - Group 9 - Bani Israel
on Monday, September 20, 2010 at 7:12am, Matric Number: 095960
Group/Name of Lecturer: 9 / Ustaz Maularna Shah
There is an ethnic-religious group in Pakistan and Afghanistan which refers to itself as the Bani Israel. In English, the group is called the Pashtuns. Some Pashtuns claim to be the patriarchal historical descendants of the "ten lost tribes" of the northern Kingdom of Israel which were taken into captivity by Assyria. Additionally, certain groups of Jews in other Which parts of South Asia are sometimes referred to as Bani Israel.
"O Children of Israel! Call to mind My favour which I bestowed on you and that I preferred you to all others (for my Message) (Qur'an Baqara 2:47)
The history of Bani Israel is full of favors from Allah and their constant ungratefulness to Him. The Qur'an (sura Baqara 40-108) contains a huge list of charges of crimes from Allah against their misdeeds. They never fulfilled their covenant with Allah and so “disgrace and homelessness" was destined for them as a mark of punishment from Allah.
"And We made a people (the Bani Israel), considered weak (and of no account), inheritors of lands in both east and west, - lands whereon We sent down Our blessings. The fair promise of thy Lord was fulfilled for the Children of Israel, because they had patience and constancy, and We levelled to the ground the great works and fine buildings which Pharaoh and his people erected (with such pride)." (Qur'an 7:137)
When Moses died in what is now called Jordan, his successor Prophet Joshua (Yusha bin Nun) led the Israelites into the land of Canaan in roughly 1300 BCE and defeated the 7 nations living there with the help of Allah. They brought the ark of the covenant (the stone tablets given to Moses) to Hebron and put them in a tabernacle (tent). King David in roughly 1000 BCE ruled the Kingdom of Israel made up of the 12 tribes and wanted to establish his capitol in Jerusalem, and so he did and reestablished the tabernacle on Mt. Moriah. And that is why Jerusalem is called the city of David. He also wanted to make a Temple for the ark of the covenant but Allah told him that he had too much blood on his hands because he was a warrior, seeing as though he was always fighting neighboring nations who were attacking the Kingdom of Israel (such as Jalut and the Philistines). Allah told him that his son Solomon would be the one to build the Temple.
And so then Prophet Solomon built the Holy Temple (Bait ul Maqdis) in Jerusalem on Mt.Moriah in roughly 965 BCE and established the worship of the One God for all the 12 tribes. When he died after ruling for 40 years, the Kingdom of Israel split into 2, the northern Kingdom of 10 tribes (It consisted of nine landed tribes: Zebulun, Issachar, Asher, Naphtali, Dan, Manaseh, Ephraim, Reuben and Gad, and some of Levi [which had no land allocation]), retaining the name Israel with Samaria as its capital. And the southern Kingdom of the tribes of Judah, Simeon, Benjamin, and part of the tribe of Levi going by the name of Judea has Jerusalem as its capital. In 721 BCE, the Assyrians came and destroyed the Northern Kingdom of Israel and they became known as the 10 lost tribes, because no one knows what happend to them.
"And We gave (Clear) Warning to the Children of Israel in the Book, that twice would they do mischief on the earth and be elated with mighty arrogance (and twice would they be punished)! When the first of the warnings came to pass, We sent against you Our servants given to terrible warfare (the Babylonians): They entered the very inmost parts of your homes; and it was a warning (completely) fulfilled. Then did We grant you the Return as against them: We gave you increase in resources and sons, and made you the more numerous in man-power. If ye did well, ye did well for yourselves; if ye did evil, (ye did it) against yourselves. So when the second of the warnings came to pass, (We permitted your enemies (the Romans)), to disfigure your faces, and to enter your Temple as they had entered it before, and to visit with destruction all that fell into their power. It may be that your Lord may (yet) show Mercy unto you; but if ye revert (to your sins), We shall revert (to Our punishments): And we have made Hell a prison for those who reject (all Faith)." (Qur'an 17:4-8)
"And We said unto the Children of Israel after him: Dwell in the land; but when the promise of the Hereafter cometh to pass We shall bring you as a crowd gathered out of various nations." (Qur'an 17:104)
Until the early 12th century, roughly 90% of the world's Jewish population lived in Muslim lands (Spain, Palestine, Iraq, Iran, Yemen, Egypt). It was only when the Almohads disrupted the Golden Age of Spain, that Jews starting moving en masse to Germany, Poland, Russia, and the rest of Christian Europe. For example, Jews did not start going to Poland until 1264 CE! Following the expulsion of Jews and Muslims from Spain in 1492, Jews were welcomed into Ottoman lands by Sultan Bayezid II, who declared: "They tell me that Ferdinand of Spain is a wise man but he is a fool. For he takes his treasure and sends it all to me." As the Ottoman Empire spread, the Turks came to Israel, and it was the greatest of the Ottoman sultans, known as "Suleiman the Magnificent," who re-built the walls of Jerusalem. It is fascinating that Suleiman is Turkish for Solomon - and that it is his walls that define the Old City of Jerusalem to this day. At this time many Jews started to return to the Land of Israel. By 1650, geographically, about half the Jewish population was located in the Middle East, with a high concentration in Turkey and the lands of the Ottoman Empire (like Palestine). And about half in Europe, with a high concentration in Eastern Europe (Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania.)
The Children of Israel liked to spread mischief and corruption on earth and strived hard to accomplish this "...they (ever) strive to make mischief on earth. And Allah does not like the Mufsidun (mischief-makers)." (Qur'an Maida 5:65) They refused to carry out the orders of the many prophets sent to them because they were afraid of death and too attached to this world. "But they will never seek for death, on account of the sins which their hands have sent on before them" (Qur'an Baqara 2:95)
God mentions how the Children of Israel rebelled and disobeyed the Command of Allah, and how they became extremely arrogant.
They were people of indignity, disobedience and transgression as stated by God in the Holy Book: "Indignity is put over them wherever they may be, except when under a covenant (of protection) from Allah, and from men; they have drawn on themselves the Wrath of Allah, and destruction is put over them. This is because they disbelieved in the Ayats (evidences) of Allah and killed the Prophets without right. This is because they disobeyed (Allah) and used to transgress beyond bounds (in Allah's disobedience, crimes and sins)" (Qur'an Al-Imran 3:112)
They were people of cowardliness, dismay and weakness.
They have returned to mischief by disbelieving in the last Messenger, by covering his characteristics that are mentioned in their books, and by breaking their covenant with him and supporting his enemies, and many of their other hideous habits. They treated their prophets with no respect whatsoever. Their disbelief and rejection of the Message of Allah with utmost arrogance was the true nature of the Jews. They killed many prophets such as Zakariya (pbuh) and his son Yahya (pbuh). They also wanted to kill Isa (pbuh), but Allah elevated him before they could burn him. That is why no deviant nation has been cursed by Allah more than that of the Children of Israel.
As a retaliation for the utter disobedience to the Commandments of Allah and His prophets, over time they suffered many calamities as a result of this disobedience. Plague broke out and numerous people died miserably. In spite of all the past, the Jews could still have obtained God's forgiveness if they had not obstinately rejected the greatest of the Prophet also. But as they persisted in their sins, God's punishments also continued to visit them. (source: A.Yousuf Ali, commentary of the Qur'an)
Moses (موسىٰ,Mūsa) was, according to the Hebrew Bible, a religious leader, lawgiver, and prophet, to whom the authorship of the Torah is traditionally attributed. Also called Moshe Rabbenu in Hebrew, is the most important prophet in Judaism, and is also considered an important prophet by Christianity, Islam, the Bahá'í Faith, Rastafari, and many other faiths.
According to the Book of Exodus, Moses was born in a time when his people, the Children of Israel, were increasing in number and the Egyptian Pharaoh was worried that they might help Egypt's enemies. Moses' Hebrew mother, Jochebed, hid him when the Pharaoh ordered all newborn Hebrew boys to be killed. He ended up being adopted into the Egyptian royal family. After killing an Egyptian slave-master, Moses fled across the Red Sea to Midian where he tended the flocks of Jethro, a priest of Midian on the slopes of Mt. Horeb. After the Ten Plagues were unleashed on Egypt, Moses led the Exodus of the Hebrew people out of Egypt and across the Red Sea, after which they based themselves at Mount Sinai and compassed the borders of Edom. It was at this time that Moses received the Ten Commandments. Despite living to the purported age of 120 given in the Bible, Moses died before reaching the Land of Israel.
Moses then led his people eastward, beginning the long journey to Canaan. The procession moved slowly, and found it necessary to encamp three times before passing the Egyptian frontier — some believe at the Great Bitter Lake, while others propose sites as far south as the northern tip of the Red Sea. Meanwhile, Pharaoh had a change of heart, and was in pursuit of them with a large army. Shut in between this army and the sea, the Israelites despaired, but Exodus records that God divided the waters so that they passed safely across on dry ground. There is some contention about this passage, since an earlier incorrect translation of Yam Suph to Red Sea was later found to have meant Reed Sea. When the Egyptian army attempted to follow, God permitted the waters to return upon them and drown them. According to the Quran the Pharaoh was leading the Egyptian army himself, and drowned along with his army, and in his last words before drowning he asks God for forgiveness, however God made him die with his body in perfect shape, so he would be an example for every tyrant who defies the prophets — surah Yunus:92 (يونس:92) -. The people then continued to Marsa marching for three days along the wilderness of the Shur without finding water. Then they came to Elim where twelve water springs and 70 Palm trees greeted them. From Elim they set out again and after 45 days they reached the wilderness of Sin between Elim and Sinai.
From there they reached the plain of Rephidim, completing the crossing of the Red Sea.
When the people arrived at Marah, the water was bitter, causing the people to murmur against Moses. Moses cast a tree into the water, and the water became sweet. Later in the journey the people began running low on supplies and again murmured against Moses and Aaron and said they would have preferred to die in Egypt, but God's provision of manna from the sky in the morning and quail in the evening took care of the situation. When the people camped in Rephidim, there was no water, so the people complained again and said, "Wherefore is this that thou hast brought us up out of Egypt, to kill us and our children and our cattle with thirst?" Moses struck a rock with his staff, and water came forth.
Amalekites arrived and attacked the Israelites. In response, Moses bade Joshua lead the men to fight while he stood on a hill with the rod of God in his hand. As long as Moses held the rod up, Israel dominated the fighting, but if Moses let down his hands, the tide of the battle turned in favor of the Amalekites. Because Moses was getting tired, Aaron and Hur had Moses sit on a rock. Aaron held up one arm, Hur held up the other arm, and the Israelites routed the Amalekites.
God then commanded Moses to kill and hang the heads of everyone that had engaged in idolatry, and Moses ordered the judges to carry out the mass execution. At the same time, one of the Israelites brought home a Midianitish woman in the sight of the congregation. Upon seeing this, Phinehas, the grandson of Aaron, took a javelin in his hand and thrust through both the Israelite and the Midianitish woman, which turned away the wrath of God. By that time, however, the plague inflicted on the Israelites had already killed about twenty-four thousand persons. Moses was then told that because Phinehas had averted the wrath of God from the Israelites, Phinehas and his descendents were given the pledge of an everlasting priesthood. After Moses had taken a census of the people, he sent an army to avenge the perceived evil brought on the Israelites by the Midianites. Numbers 31 says Moses instructed the Israelite soldiers to kill every Midianite woman, boy, and non-virgin girl, although virgin girls were shared amongst the soldiers. The Israelites killed Balaam, and the five kings of Midian: Evi, Rekem, Zur, Hur, and Reba.
Moses appointed Joshua, son of Nun, to succeed him as the leader of the Israelites.
After all this was accomplished, Moses was warned that he would not be permitted to lead the nation of Israel across the Jordan river, because of his trespass at the waters of Meribah, but would die on its eastern shores. He therefore assembled the tribes, and delivered to them a parting address, which forms the Book of Deuteronomy. In this address it is commonly accepted that he recapitulated the Law, reminding them of its most important features. When Moses finished, and he had pronounced a blessing on the people, he went up Mount Nebo to the top of Pisgah, looked over the promised land of Israel spread out before him, and died, at the age of one hundred and twenty, on 7 Adar 2488 (ca. Feb-Mar 1271 BCE). Moses was thus the human instrument in the creation of the nation of Israel by communicating to it the Torah. More humble than any other man, he enjoyed unique privileges, for "there hath not arisen a prophet since in Israel like unto Moses, whom the Hashem knew face to face".
In the Qur'an and in the Islamic tradition, David is known as Dawood ( داود, Dāwūd) and is one of the prophets of Islam, to whom the Zabur (Psalms) were revealed by God. The Islamic tradition includes many elements from the Jewish history of David, such as his battle with the giant Goliath, but rejects the Biblical portrayal of David (Dawood) as an adulterer and murderer - the rejection is based on the goodness of the Prophets of God in Islam (fallible, but to an extent of minor and basic human error) and on the concept of ismah, or the infallibility of the prophets. According to some, but not all Islamic traditions David (Dawood) was not from Judah but from Levi and Aron.
David (Dawood) also appears in various Hadith (oral traditions derived from those who knew the Prophet Muhammad). In Sahih al-Bukhari and in Abd-Allah ibn Amr he is named as the person whose way of fasting and praying is the most perfect: "God's Apostle (Muhammad) said to me, "The most beloved fasting to God was the fasting of (the Prophet) David who used to fast on alternate days. And the most beloved prayer to God was the prayer of David who used to sleep for (the first) half of the night and pray for 1/3 of it and (again) sleep for a sixth of it." David (Dawood) was also given the most beautiful voice of all mankind, just as Joseph was given the most beautiful appearance. In one hadith, Abu Hurairah narrates that Muhammad said, "The reciting of the Zabur (i.e. Psalms) was made easy for David (Dawood). He used to order that his riding animals be saddled, and would finish reciting the Zabur before they were saddled." Other hadith relate that David's reading of psalms was so entrancing that fish would leave the sea to listen when he recited, and that it was he who began the building of the Holy Temple, completed by his son Solomon (Sulaiman), and which later became the site of Al-Aqsa Mosque.
David is referred to as “the favorite of the songs of Israel, the one who soothed Saul with music, and the founder of Temple singing. A Psalms scroll from the Dead Sea Scrolls attributes 3600 tehilim (songs of praise) plus other compositions to David, and 73 of the 150 Psalms in the Bible are attributed to him. The supreme kingship of Yahweh is the most pervasive theological concept in the book of Psalms, and many psalms attributed to David are directed to Yahweh by name, whether in praise or petition, suggesting a relationship. According to the Midrash Tehillim, King David was prompted to the Psalms by the Holy Spirit that rested upon him.
The misnamed Star of David has been a symbol associated with, and representative of Jews and Judaism. It is, aside from two stripes, the only decoration of the flag of modern state of Israel. As such the Magen David was, and is, often used as a motif in both religious and secular Jewish decoration from the early Middle Ages hand-written manuscripts and precious metal objects, to synagogue interiors of today.
David dies and is buried in the City of David, having ruled forty years over Israel, seven in Hebron and thirty-three in Jerusalem
Solomon ( سليمان Sulaymān) was, identify as the son of David. He is also described as the third king of the United Monarchy, and the final king before the northern Kingdom of Israel and the southern Kingdom of Judah split; following the split his patrilineal descendants ruled over Judah alone.
The Hebrew Bible credits Solomon as the builder of the First Temple in Jerusalem, and portrays him as great in wisdom, wealth, and power, but ultimately as a king whose sin, including idolatry and turning away from God, leads to the kingdom being torn in two during the reign of his son Rehoboam. Solomon is the subject of many other later references and legends.
Solomon became king after the death of his father David. According to the biblical First Book of Kings, when David was " old and advanced in years" "he could not get warm." "So they sought for a beautiful young woman throughout all the territory of Israel, and found Abishag the Shunammite, and brought her to the king."
According to the historical research, Solomon died of natural causes at around 80 years of age. Upon Solomon's death, his son, Rehoboam, succeeded him as king. However, ten of the Tribes of Israel refused to accept him as king, causing the United Monarchy to split and form the northern Kingdom of Israel ruled by Jeroboam, while Rehoboam continued to reign in the southern Kingdom of Judah.
During Solomon's long reign of 40 years, the Israelite monarchy, according to the Bible, gained its highest splendour and wealth. In a single year, Solomon collected tribute amounting to 666 talents of gold (39,960 pounds).
Solomon is described as surrounding himself with all the luxuries and the external grandeur of an Eastern monarch, and his government prospered. He entered into an alliance with Hiram I, king of Tyre, who in many ways greatly assisted him in his numerous undertakings. For some years before his death, David was engaged in collecting materials for building a temple in Jerusalem as a permanent abode for the Ark of the Covenant. Solomon is described as completing its construction, with the help of an architect, also named Hiram, and other materials, sent from King Hiram of Tyre.
After the completion of the temple, Solomon is described as erecting many other buildings of importance in Jerusalem; for the long space of thirteen years he was engaged in the erection of a royal palace on Ophel (a hilly promontory in central Jerusalem); Solomon also constructed great works for the purpose of securing a plentiful supply of water for the city, and the Millo (Septuagint, Acra) for the defense of the city. However, excavations of Jerusalem have shown a distinct lack of monumental architecture from the era, and remains of neither the Temple nor Solomon's palace have been found. However, a number of significant but politically sensitive areas have not been extensively excavated, including the site where the Temple is traditionally said to have been located.
Solomon is also described as rebuilding major cities elsewhere in Israel, creating the port of Ezion-Geber, and constructing Tadmor in the wilderness as a commercial depot and military outpost. Solomon is additionally described as having amassed a thousand and four hundred chariots and twelve thousand horsemen. Though the location of Solomon's port of Ezion-Geber is known, no remains have ever been found. More archaeological success has been achieved with the major cities Solomon is said to have strengthened or rebuilt, these all have substantial ancient remains, including impressive six-chambered gates, and ashlar palaces, as well as trough-like structures outside buildings that early archaeologists have identified as the stables for Solomon's horses.
During Solomon's reign Israel enjoyed great commercial prosperity, with extensive traffic being carried on by land withcTyre, Egypt, and Arabia, and by sea with Tarshish (Spain), Ophir, and South India.
Angels also help out Solomon in building the Temple; though not by choice. The edifice was, according to rabbinical legend, throughout miraculously constructed, the large, heavy stones rising to and settling in their respective places of themselves. The general opinion of the Rabbis is that Solomon hewed the stones by means of a shamir, a mythical worm whose mere touch cleft rocks. According to Midrash Tehillim, the shamir was brought from paradise by Solomon's eagle; but most of the rabbis state that Solomon was informed of the worm's haunts by Asmodeus. The shamir had been entrusted by the prince of the sea to the mountain cock alone, and the cock had sworn to guard it well, but Solomon's men found the bird's nest, and covered it with glass. When the bird returned, it used the shamir to break the glass, whereupon the men scared the bird, causing it to drop the worm, which the men could then bring to Solomon.
King Solomon is one of the central Biblical figures in Jewish heritage that have lasting religious, national and political aspects. As the constructor of the First Temple in Jerusalem and last ruler of the united Kingdom of Israel before its division into the northern Kingdom of Israel and the southern Kingdom of Judah, Solomon is associated with the peak "golden age" of the independent Kingdom of Israel as well as a source of judicial and religious wisdom.
Solomon also appears in the Qur'an, where he is called سليمان in Arabic, which is transliterated in English variously as Sulayman, Suleiman, Sulaimaan etc. The Qur'an refers to Sulayman as the son of David (Arabic: Dawud, Dawood, or Dawoud), a prophet and a great ruler imparted by God with tremendous wisdom, favor, and special powers (like his father). The Qur'an states that Sulayman ruled not only people, but also hosts of Jinn, was able to understand the language of the birds and ants, and to see some of the hidden glory in the world that was not accessible to most other human beings. Ruling a large kingdom that extended south into Yemen, via Queen of Sheba who accepted Solomon's prophethood and religion. He was famed throughout the lands for his wisdom and fair judgments. In particular, the Qur'an denies that Solomon ever turned away from God.
And they followed what the Shayatin(devils) chanted of sorcery in the reign of Sulaiman, and Sulaiman was not an unbeliever, but the Shayatin(devils) disbelieved, they teach people sorcery and such things that came down to the two angels at Babel, Harut and Marut, yet they(the two Angels) taught no person until they had said to them, "Surely, we are only a trial, therefore do not be a disbeliever." So they learn from them(the two Angels) that by which they might cause a separation between a man and his wife; and they cannot hurt with it any one except with Allah's permission, and they learned what harmed them and did not profit them, and certainly they know that he who bought it should have no share of good in the hereafter and evil was the price for which they sold their souls, had they but known this. (Holy Quran, chapter 2.102)
Solomon is said to have been given control over various things, such as the wind, and transportation. Thus the Qur'an says,
And to Solomon (We subjected) the wind, its morning (stride from sunrise till midnoon) was a month's (journey), and its afternoon (stride from the midday decline of the sun to sunset) was a month's (journey i.e. in one day he could travel two months' journey). And We caused a fount of (molten) brass to flow for him, and there were jinn that worked in front of him, by the Leave of his Lord, And whosoever of them turned aside from Our Command, We shall cause him to taste of the torment of the blazing Fire. (Quran 34:12)
And before Sulayman were marshaled his hosts,- of Jinns and men and birds, and they were all kept in order and ranks. (Quran 27:17)
And Solomon, accordingly grateful of God, says:
"O ye people! We have been taught the speech of birds, and on us has been bestowed from everything: this is indeed the Grace manifest (from God)." (Quran 27:16)
According to the Qur'an, the death of Solomon held a lesson to be learned:
Then, when We decreed (Solomon's) death, nothing showed them his death except a little worm of the earth, which kept (slowly) gnawing away at his staff: so when he fell down, the Jinns saw plainly that if they had known the unseen, they would not have tarried in the humiliating Penalty (of their Task). (Quran 34:14)
According to Muslim tradition, when Solomon died he was standing watching the work of his Jinn, while leaning on his cane. There he silently died, but did not fall. He remained in this position, and the Jinn, thinking he was still alive watching them work, kept working. But termites were eating the cane, so that the body of Solomon fell after forty days. Thereafter, the Jinn (along with all humans) regretted that they did not know more than God had allotted them to know.
What Al-Quran says about Bani Israel.
Islamic theology God mentions how the Children of Israel rebelled and disobeyed the Command of Allah, and how they became extremely arrogant. They were people of indignity, disobedience and transgression as stated by God in the Holy Book.
In the Qur'an there are forty-three references to Banū Isrā the Islamic term for the Israelites, which means "Children of Israel".There is a Surah (chapter) in the Qur'an titled Bani Israel (Arabic language Arabic: بني اسرائيل, "The Children of Israel"), which is also known as Al-Isra (Arabic language Arabic: سورة الإسراء, "The Night Journey"). This Surah was revealed in the year before Hijra (Islam) Hijrah and takes its name from Surah 17:4. Also, starting from verse 40 in Surah '[Al-Baqara (Arabic language, "The Cow") is the story of Bani Israel. Finally, there is a Qur'an, verse in which Moses addresses his followers as "Muslims" (Arabic language: Muslimïn) meaning, in English, "those who submit to God ".
In Surah Al-Araf Verses 158 and 159, there was also mention of the twelve tribes: (158) "And of Moses' folk there is a community who lead with truth and establish justice therewith." (159) "We divided them into twelve tribes, nations; and We inspired Moses, when his people asked him for water, saying: Smite with thy staff the rock! And there gushed forth there from twelve springs, so that each tribe knew their drinking-place. And we caused the white cloud to overshadow them and sent down for them the manna and the quails (saying): Eat of the good things wherewith we have provided you. They wronged Us not, but they were wont to wrong themselves.
(Quran 3:93) All the food was/is/became permitted/allowed to Israel's sons and daughters, except what Israel forbade on himself from before that the Torah (was) made to descend. Say: "So come/bring with the Torah, so read/recite it if you were truthful."
(Quran19:58) Those are those who God blessed/praised on them from the prophets from Adam's descendants; and from who We carried with Noah, , and from Abraham's and Israel's descendants, and from who We guided and We chose/purified, if the merciful's verses/evidences are read/recited on them they fell down prostrating and weeping .
• Contrary to popular believes, which is Bani Israel are decendant from Propher Jacob, Quran proves that there is a character called "Israel".
The history of Bani Israel is full of favors from Allah and their constant ungratefulness to Him. Based on passages in the New Testament , some Christians believe that Christians are the "new Israel" that replaced the "Children of Israel" after the Jews rejected Jesus. This view is called Supersessionism. Many European settlers in the New World saw themselves as the heirs of those ancient tribes, hence the reason why they named their children and many towns they settled with names connected to the figures in the Bible
On the other hand, other Christians believe that the Jews are still the original children of Israel, and that Christians are adopted children of God but are not the new Israel. This view is a part of dispensationalist theology.
_______________________________
Sources:
1. The Israelites in History and Tradition, Neils Peter Lemche.
2. Messenger of God, Elie Wiesel
3. What the Quran says about Israel, Wikipedia
4. Verses from the Holy Quran
on Monday, September 20, 2010 at 7:12am, Matric Number: 095960
Group/Name of Lecturer: 9 / Ustaz Maularna Shah
There is an ethnic-religious group in Pakistan and Afghanistan which refers to itself as the Bani Israel. In English, the group is called the Pashtuns. Some Pashtuns claim to be the patriarchal historical descendants of the "ten lost tribes" of the northern Kingdom of Israel which were taken into captivity by Assyria. Additionally, certain groups of Jews in other Which parts of South Asia are sometimes referred to as Bani Israel.
"O Children of Israel! Call to mind My favour which I bestowed on you and that I preferred you to all others (for my Message) (Qur'an Baqara 2:47)
The history of Bani Israel is full of favors from Allah and their constant ungratefulness to Him. The Qur'an (sura Baqara 40-108) contains a huge list of charges of crimes from Allah against their misdeeds. They never fulfilled their covenant with Allah and so “disgrace and homelessness" was destined for them as a mark of punishment from Allah.
"And We made a people (the Bani Israel), considered weak (and of no account), inheritors of lands in both east and west, - lands whereon We sent down Our blessings. The fair promise of thy Lord was fulfilled for the Children of Israel, because they had patience and constancy, and We levelled to the ground the great works and fine buildings which Pharaoh and his people erected (with such pride)." (Qur'an 7:137)
When Moses died in what is now called Jordan, his successor Prophet Joshua (Yusha bin Nun) led the Israelites into the land of Canaan in roughly 1300 BCE and defeated the 7 nations living there with the help of Allah. They brought the ark of the covenant (the stone tablets given to Moses) to Hebron and put them in a tabernacle (tent). King David in roughly 1000 BCE ruled the Kingdom of Israel made up of the 12 tribes and wanted to establish his capitol in Jerusalem, and so he did and reestablished the tabernacle on Mt. Moriah. And that is why Jerusalem is called the city of David. He also wanted to make a Temple for the ark of the covenant but Allah told him that he had too much blood on his hands because he was a warrior, seeing as though he was always fighting neighboring nations who were attacking the Kingdom of Israel (such as Jalut and the Philistines). Allah told him that his son Solomon would be the one to build the Temple.
And so then Prophet Solomon built the Holy Temple (Bait ul Maqdis) in Jerusalem on Mt.Moriah in roughly 965 BCE and established the worship of the One God for all the 12 tribes. When he died after ruling for 40 years, the Kingdom of Israel split into 2, the northern Kingdom of 10 tribes (It consisted of nine landed tribes: Zebulun, Issachar, Asher, Naphtali, Dan, Manaseh, Ephraim, Reuben and Gad, and some of Levi [which had no land allocation]), retaining the name Israel with Samaria as its capital. And the southern Kingdom of the tribes of Judah, Simeon, Benjamin, and part of the tribe of Levi going by the name of Judea has Jerusalem as its capital. In 721 BCE, the Assyrians came and destroyed the Northern Kingdom of Israel and they became known as the 10 lost tribes, because no one knows what happend to them.
"And We gave (Clear) Warning to the Children of Israel in the Book, that twice would they do mischief on the earth and be elated with mighty arrogance (and twice would they be punished)! When the first of the warnings came to pass, We sent against you Our servants given to terrible warfare (the Babylonians): They entered the very inmost parts of your homes; and it was a warning (completely) fulfilled. Then did We grant you the Return as against them: We gave you increase in resources and sons, and made you the more numerous in man-power. If ye did well, ye did well for yourselves; if ye did evil, (ye did it) against yourselves. So when the second of the warnings came to pass, (We permitted your enemies (the Romans)), to disfigure your faces, and to enter your Temple as they had entered it before, and to visit with destruction all that fell into their power. It may be that your Lord may (yet) show Mercy unto you; but if ye revert (to your sins), We shall revert (to Our punishments): And we have made Hell a prison for those who reject (all Faith)." (Qur'an 17:4-8)
"And We said unto the Children of Israel after him: Dwell in the land; but when the promise of the Hereafter cometh to pass We shall bring you as a crowd gathered out of various nations." (Qur'an 17:104)
Until the early 12th century, roughly 90% of the world's Jewish population lived in Muslim lands (Spain, Palestine, Iraq, Iran, Yemen, Egypt). It was only when the Almohads disrupted the Golden Age of Spain, that Jews starting moving en masse to Germany, Poland, Russia, and the rest of Christian Europe. For example, Jews did not start going to Poland until 1264 CE! Following the expulsion of Jews and Muslims from Spain in 1492, Jews were welcomed into Ottoman lands by Sultan Bayezid II, who declared: "They tell me that Ferdinand of Spain is a wise man but he is a fool. For he takes his treasure and sends it all to me." As the Ottoman Empire spread, the Turks came to Israel, and it was the greatest of the Ottoman sultans, known as "Suleiman the Magnificent," who re-built the walls of Jerusalem. It is fascinating that Suleiman is Turkish for Solomon - and that it is his walls that define the Old City of Jerusalem to this day. At this time many Jews started to return to the Land of Israel. By 1650, geographically, about half the Jewish population was located in the Middle East, with a high concentration in Turkey and the lands of the Ottoman Empire (like Palestine). And about half in Europe, with a high concentration in Eastern Europe (Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania.)
The Children of Israel liked to spread mischief and corruption on earth and strived hard to accomplish this "...they (ever) strive to make mischief on earth. And Allah does not like the Mufsidun (mischief-makers)." (Qur'an Maida 5:65) They refused to carry out the orders of the many prophets sent to them because they were afraid of death and too attached to this world. "But they will never seek for death, on account of the sins which their hands have sent on before them" (Qur'an Baqara 2:95)
God mentions how the Children of Israel rebelled and disobeyed the Command of Allah, and how they became extremely arrogant.
They were people of indignity, disobedience and transgression as stated by God in the Holy Book: "Indignity is put over them wherever they may be, except when under a covenant (of protection) from Allah, and from men; they have drawn on themselves the Wrath of Allah, and destruction is put over them. This is because they disbelieved in the Ayats (evidences) of Allah and killed the Prophets without right. This is because they disobeyed (Allah) and used to transgress beyond bounds (in Allah's disobedience, crimes and sins)" (Qur'an Al-Imran 3:112)
They were people of cowardliness, dismay and weakness.
They have returned to mischief by disbelieving in the last Messenger, by covering his characteristics that are mentioned in their books, and by breaking their covenant with him and supporting his enemies, and many of their other hideous habits. They treated their prophets with no respect whatsoever. Their disbelief and rejection of the Message of Allah with utmost arrogance was the true nature of the Jews. They killed many prophets such as Zakariya (pbuh) and his son Yahya (pbuh). They also wanted to kill Isa (pbuh), but Allah elevated him before they could burn him. That is why no deviant nation has been cursed by Allah more than that of the Children of Israel.
As a retaliation for the utter disobedience to the Commandments of Allah and His prophets, over time they suffered many calamities as a result of this disobedience. Plague broke out and numerous people died miserably. In spite of all the past, the Jews could still have obtained God's forgiveness if they had not obstinately rejected the greatest of the Prophet also. But as they persisted in their sins, God's punishments also continued to visit them. (source: A.Yousuf Ali, commentary of the Qur'an)
Moses (موسىٰ,Mūsa) was, according to the Hebrew Bible, a religious leader, lawgiver, and prophet, to whom the authorship of the Torah is traditionally attributed. Also called Moshe Rabbenu in Hebrew, is the most important prophet in Judaism, and is also considered an important prophet by Christianity, Islam, the Bahá'í Faith, Rastafari, and many other faiths.
According to the Book of Exodus, Moses was born in a time when his people, the Children of Israel, were increasing in number and the Egyptian Pharaoh was worried that they might help Egypt's enemies. Moses' Hebrew mother, Jochebed, hid him when the Pharaoh ordered all newborn Hebrew boys to be killed. He ended up being adopted into the Egyptian royal family. After killing an Egyptian slave-master, Moses fled across the Red Sea to Midian where he tended the flocks of Jethro, a priest of Midian on the slopes of Mt. Horeb. After the Ten Plagues were unleashed on Egypt, Moses led the Exodus of the Hebrew people out of Egypt and across the Red Sea, after which they based themselves at Mount Sinai and compassed the borders of Edom. It was at this time that Moses received the Ten Commandments. Despite living to the purported age of 120 given in the Bible, Moses died before reaching the Land of Israel.
Moses then led his people eastward, beginning the long journey to Canaan. The procession moved slowly, and found it necessary to encamp three times before passing the Egyptian frontier — some believe at the Great Bitter Lake, while others propose sites as far south as the northern tip of the Red Sea. Meanwhile, Pharaoh had a change of heart, and was in pursuit of them with a large army. Shut in between this army and the sea, the Israelites despaired, but Exodus records that God divided the waters so that they passed safely across on dry ground. There is some contention about this passage, since an earlier incorrect translation of Yam Suph to Red Sea was later found to have meant Reed Sea. When the Egyptian army attempted to follow, God permitted the waters to return upon them and drown them. According to the Quran the Pharaoh was leading the Egyptian army himself, and drowned along with his army, and in his last words before drowning he asks God for forgiveness, however God made him die with his body in perfect shape, so he would be an example for every tyrant who defies the prophets — surah Yunus:92 (يونس:92) -. The people then continued to Marsa marching for three days along the wilderness of the Shur without finding water. Then they came to Elim where twelve water springs and 70 Palm trees greeted them. From Elim they set out again and after 45 days they reached the wilderness of Sin between Elim and Sinai.
From there they reached the plain of Rephidim, completing the crossing of the Red Sea.
When the people arrived at Marah, the water was bitter, causing the people to murmur against Moses. Moses cast a tree into the water, and the water became sweet. Later in the journey the people began running low on supplies and again murmured against Moses and Aaron and said they would have preferred to die in Egypt, but God's provision of manna from the sky in the morning and quail in the evening took care of the situation. When the people camped in Rephidim, there was no water, so the people complained again and said, "Wherefore is this that thou hast brought us up out of Egypt, to kill us and our children and our cattle with thirst?" Moses struck a rock with his staff, and water came forth.
Amalekites arrived and attacked the Israelites. In response, Moses bade Joshua lead the men to fight while he stood on a hill with the rod of God in his hand. As long as Moses held the rod up, Israel dominated the fighting, but if Moses let down his hands, the tide of the battle turned in favor of the Amalekites. Because Moses was getting tired, Aaron and Hur had Moses sit on a rock. Aaron held up one arm, Hur held up the other arm, and the Israelites routed the Amalekites.
God then commanded Moses to kill and hang the heads of everyone that had engaged in idolatry, and Moses ordered the judges to carry out the mass execution. At the same time, one of the Israelites brought home a Midianitish woman in the sight of the congregation. Upon seeing this, Phinehas, the grandson of Aaron, took a javelin in his hand and thrust through both the Israelite and the Midianitish woman, which turned away the wrath of God. By that time, however, the plague inflicted on the Israelites had already killed about twenty-four thousand persons. Moses was then told that because Phinehas had averted the wrath of God from the Israelites, Phinehas and his descendents were given the pledge of an everlasting priesthood. After Moses had taken a census of the people, he sent an army to avenge the perceived evil brought on the Israelites by the Midianites. Numbers 31 says Moses instructed the Israelite soldiers to kill every Midianite woman, boy, and non-virgin girl, although virgin girls were shared amongst the soldiers. The Israelites killed Balaam, and the five kings of Midian: Evi, Rekem, Zur, Hur, and Reba.
Moses appointed Joshua, son of Nun, to succeed him as the leader of the Israelites.
After all this was accomplished, Moses was warned that he would not be permitted to lead the nation of Israel across the Jordan river, because of his trespass at the waters of Meribah, but would die on its eastern shores. He therefore assembled the tribes, and delivered to them a parting address, which forms the Book of Deuteronomy. In this address it is commonly accepted that he recapitulated the Law, reminding them of its most important features. When Moses finished, and he had pronounced a blessing on the people, he went up Mount Nebo to the top of Pisgah, looked over the promised land of Israel spread out before him, and died, at the age of one hundred and twenty, on 7 Adar 2488 (ca. Feb-Mar 1271 BCE). Moses was thus the human instrument in the creation of the nation of Israel by communicating to it the Torah. More humble than any other man, he enjoyed unique privileges, for "there hath not arisen a prophet since in Israel like unto Moses, whom the Hashem knew face to face".
In the Qur'an and in the Islamic tradition, David is known as Dawood ( داود, Dāwūd) and is one of the prophets of Islam, to whom the Zabur (Psalms) were revealed by God. The Islamic tradition includes many elements from the Jewish history of David, such as his battle with the giant Goliath, but rejects the Biblical portrayal of David (Dawood) as an adulterer and murderer - the rejection is based on the goodness of the Prophets of God in Islam (fallible, but to an extent of minor and basic human error) and on the concept of ismah, or the infallibility of the prophets. According to some, but not all Islamic traditions David (Dawood) was not from Judah but from Levi and Aron.
David (Dawood) also appears in various Hadith (oral traditions derived from those who knew the Prophet Muhammad). In Sahih al-Bukhari and in Abd-Allah ibn Amr he is named as the person whose way of fasting and praying is the most perfect: "God's Apostle (Muhammad) said to me, "The most beloved fasting to God was the fasting of (the Prophet) David who used to fast on alternate days. And the most beloved prayer to God was the prayer of David who used to sleep for (the first) half of the night and pray for 1/3 of it and (again) sleep for a sixth of it." David (Dawood) was also given the most beautiful voice of all mankind, just as Joseph was given the most beautiful appearance. In one hadith, Abu Hurairah narrates that Muhammad said, "The reciting of the Zabur (i.e. Psalms) was made easy for David (Dawood). He used to order that his riding animals be saddled, and would finish reciting the Zabur before they were saddled." Other hadith relate that David's reading of psalms was so entrancing that fish would leave the sea to listen when he recited, and that it was he who began the building of the Holy Temple, completed by his son Solomon (Sulaiman), and which later became the site of Al-Aqsa Mosque.
David is referred to as “the favorite of the songs of Israel, the one who soothed Saul with music, and the founder of Temple singing. A Psalms scroll from the Dead Sea Scrolls attributes 3600 tehilim (songs of praise) plus other compositions to David, and 73 of the 150 Psalms in the Bible are attributed to him. The supreme kingship of Yahweh is the most pervasive theological concept in the book of Psalms, and many psalms attributed to David are directed to Yahweh by name, whether in praise or petition, suggesting a relationship. According to the Midrash Tehillim, King David was prompted to the Psalms by the Holy Spirit that rested upon him.
The misnamed Star of David has been a symbol associated with, and representative of Jews and Judaism. It is, aside from two stripes, the only decoration of the flag of modern state of Israel. As such the Magen David was, and is, often used as a motif in both religious and secular Jewish decoration from the early Middle Ages hand-written manuscripts and precious metal objects, to synagogue interiors of today.
David dies and is buried in the City of David, having ruled forty years over Israel, seven in Hebron and thirty-three in Jerusalem
Solomon ( سليمان Sulaymān) was, identify as the son of David. He is also described as the third king of the United Monarchy, and the final king before the northern Kingdom of Israel and the southern Kingdom of Judah split; following the split his patrilineal descendants ruled over Judah alone.
The Hebrew Bible credits Solomon as the builder of the First Temple in Jerusalem, and portrays him as great in wisdom, wealth, and power, but ultimately as a king whose sin, including idolatry and turning away from God, leads to the kingdom being torn in two during the reign of his son Rehoboam. Solomon is the subject of many other later references and legends.
Solomon became king after the death of his father David. According to the biblical First Book of Kings, when David was " old and advanced in years" "he could not get warm." "So they sought for a beautiful young woman throughout all the territory of Israel, and found Abishag the Shunammite, and brought her to the king."
According to the historical research, Solomon died of natural causes at around 80 years of age. Upon Solomon's death, his son, Rehoboam, succeeded him as king. However, ten of the Tribes of Israel refused to accept him as king, causing the United Monarchy to split and form the northern Kingdom of Israel ruled by Jeroboam, while Rehoboam continued to reign in the southern Kingdom of Judah.
During Solomon's long reign of 40 years, the Israelite monarchy, according to the Bible, gained its highest splendour and wealth. In a single year, Solomon collected tribute amounting to 666 talents of gold (39,960 pounds).
Solomon is described as surrounding himself with all the luxuries and the external grandeur of an Eastern monarch, and his government prospered. He entered into an alliance with Hiram I, king of Tyre, who in many ways greatly assisted him in his numerous undertakings. For some years before his death, David was engaged in collecting materials for building a temple in Jerusalem as a permanent abode for the Ark of the Covenant. Solomon is described as completing its construction, with the help of an architect, also named Hiram, and other materials, sent from King Hiram of Tyre.
After the completion of the temple, Solomon is described as erecting many other buildings of importance in Jerusalem; for the long space of thirteen years he was engaged in the erection of a royal palace on Ophel (a hilly promontory in central Jerusalem); Solomon also constructed great works for the purpose of securing a plentiful supply of water for the city, and the Millo (Septuagint, Acra) for the defense of the city. However, excavations of Jerusalem have shown a distinct lack of monumental architecture from the era, and remains of neither the Temple nor Solomon's palace have been found. However, a number of significant but politically sensitive areas have not been extensively excavated, including the site where the Temple is traditionally said to have been located.
Solomon is also described as rebuilding major cities elsewhere in Israel, creating the port of Ezion-Geber, and constructing Tadmor in the wilderness as a commercial depot and military outpost. Solomon is additionally described as having amassed a thousand and four hundred chariots and twelve thousand horsemen. Though the location of Solomon's port of Ezion-Geber is known, no remains have ever been found. More archaeological success has been achieved with the major cities Solomon is said to have strengthened or rebuilt, these all have substantial ancient remains, including impressive six-chambered gates, and ashlar palaces, as well as trough-like structures outside buildings that early archaeologists have identified as the stables for Solomon's horses.
During Solomon's reign Israel enjoyed great commercial prosperity, with extensive traffic being carried on by land withcTyre, Egypt, and Arabia, and by sea with Tarshish (Spain), Ophir, and South India.
Angels also help out Solomon in building the Temple; though not by choice. The edifice was, according to rabbinical legend, throughout miraculously constructed, the large, heavy stones rising to and settling in their respective places of themselves. The general opinion of the Rabbis is that Solomon hewed the stones by means of a shamir, a mythical worm whose mere touch cleft rocks. According to Midrash Tehillim, the shamir was brought from paradise by Solomon's eagle; but most of the rabbis state that Solomon was informed of the worm's haunts by Asmodeus. The shamir had been entrusted by the prince of the sea to the mountain cock alone, and the cock had sworn to guard it well, but Solomon's men found the bird's nest, and covered it with glass. When the bird returned, it used the shamir to break the glass, whereupon the men scared the bird, causing it to drop the worm, which the men could then bring to Solomon.
King Solomon is one of the central Biblical figures in Jewish heritage that have lasting religious, national and political aspects. As the constructor of the First Temple in Jerusalem and last ruler of the united Kingdom of Israel before its division into the northern Kingdom of Israel and the southern Kingdom of Judah, Solomon is associated with the peak "golden age" of the independent Kingdom of Israel as well as a source of judicial and religious wisdom.
Solomon also appears in the Qur'an, where he is called سليمان in Arabic, which is transliterated in English variously as Sulayman, Suleiman, Sulaimaan etc. The Qur'an refers to Sulayman as the son of David (Arabic: Dawud, Dawood, or Dawoud), a prophet and a great ruler imparted by God with tremendous wisdom, favor, and special powers (like his father). The Qur'an states that Sulayman ruled not only people, but also hosts of Jinn, was able to understand the language of the birds and ants, and to see some of the hidden glory in the world that was not accessible to most other human beings. Ruling a large kingdom that extended south into Yemen, via Queen of Sheba who accepted Solomon's prophethood and religion. He was famed throughout the lands for his wisdom and fair judgments. In particular, the Qur'an denies that Solomon ever turned away from God.
And they followed what the Shayatin(devils) chanted of sorcery in the reign of Sulaiman, and Sulaiman was not an unbeliever, but the Shayatin(devils) disbelieved, they teach people sorcery and such things that came down to the two angels at Babel, Harut and Marut, yet they(the two Angels) taught no person until they had said to them, "Surely, we are only a trial, therefore do not be a disbeliever." So they learn from them(the two Angels) that by which they might cause a separation between a man and his wife; and they cannot hurt with it any one except with Allah's permission, and they learned what harmed them and did not profit them, and certainly they know that he who bought it should have no share of good in the hereafter and evil was the price for which they sold their souls, had they but known this. (Holy Quran, chapter 2.102)
Solomon is said to have been given control over various things, such as the wind, and transportation. Thus the Qur'an says,
And to Solomon (We subjected) the wind, its morning (stride from sunrise till midnoon) was a month's (journey), and its afternoon (stride from the midday decline of the sun to sunset) was a month's (journey i.e. in one day he could travel two months' journey). And We caused a fount of (molten) brass to flow for him, and there were jinn that worked in front of him, by the Leave of his Lord, And whosoever of them turned aside from Our Command, We shall cause him to taste of the torment of the blazing Fire. (Quran 34:12)
And before Sulayman were marshaled his hosts,- of Jinns and men and birds, and they were all kept in order and ranks. (Quran 27:17)
And Solomon, accordingly grateful of God, says:
"O ye people! We have been taught the speech of birds, and on us has been bestowed from everything: this is indeed the Grace manifest (from God)." (Quran 27:16)
According to the Qur'an, the death of Solomon held a lesson to be learned:
Then, when We decreed (Solomon's) death, nothing showed them his death except a little worm of the earth, which kept (slowly) gnawing away at his staff: so when he fell down, the Jinns saw plainly that if they had known the unseen, they would not have tarried in the humiliating Penalty (of their Task). (Quran 34:14)
According to Muslim tradition, when Solomon died he was standing watching the work of his Jinn, while leaning on his cane. There he silently died, but did not fall. He remained in this position, and the Jinn, thinking he was still alive watching them work, kept working. But termites were eating the cane, so that the body of Solomon fell after forty days. Thereafter, the Jinn (along with all humans) regretted that they did not know more than God had allotted them to know.
What Al-Quran says about Bani Israel.
Islamic theology God mentions how the Children of Israel rebelled and disobeyed the Command of Allah, and how they became extremely arrogant. They were people of indignity, disobedience and transgression as stated by God in the Holy Book.
In the Qur'an there are forty-three references to Banū Isrā the Islamic term for the Israelites, which means "Children of Israel".There is a Surah (chapter) in the Qur'an titled Bani Israel (Arabic language Arabic: بني اسرائيل, "The Children of Israel"), which is also known as Al-Isra (Arabic language Arabic: سورة الإسراء, "The Night Journey"). This Surah was revealed in the year before Hijra (Islam) Hijrah and takes its name from Surah 17:4. Also, starting from verse 40 in Surah '[Al-Baqara (Arabic language, "The Cow") is the story of Bani Israel. Finally, there is a Qur'an, verse in which Moses addresses his followers as "Muslims" (Arabic language: Muslimïn) meaning, in English, "those who submit to God ".
In Surah Al-Araf Verses 158 and 159, there was also mention of the twelve tribes: (158) "And of Moses' folk there is a community who lead with truth and establish justice therewith." (159) "We divided them into twelve tribes, nations; and We inspired Moses, when his people asked him for water, saying: Smite with thy staff the rock! And there gushed forth there from twelve springs, so that each tribe knew their drinking-place. And we caused the white cloud to overshadow them and sent down for them the manna and the quails (saying): Eat of the good things wherewith we have provided you. They wronged Us not, but they were wont to wrong themselves.
(Quran 3:93) All the food was/is/became permitted/allowed to Israel's sons and daughters, except what Israel forbade on himself from before that the Torah (was) made to descend. Say: "So come/bring with the Torah, so read/recite it if you were truthful."
(Quran19:58) Those are those who God blessed/praised on them from the prophets from Adam's descendants; and from who We carried with Noah, , and from Abraham's and Israel's descendants, and from who We guided and We chose/purified, if the merciful's verses/evidences are read/recited on them they fell down prostrating and weeping .
• Contrary to popular believes, which is Bani Israel are decendant from Propher Jacob, Quran proves that there is a character called "Israel".
The history of Bani Israel is full of favors from Allah and their constant ungratefulness to Him. Based on passages in the New Testament , some Christians believe that Christians are the "new Israel" that replaced the "Children of Israel" after the Jews rejected Jesus. This view is called Supersessionism. Many European settlers in the New World saw themselves as the heirs of those ancient tribes, hence the reason why they named their children and many towns they settled with names connected to the figures in the Bible
On the other hand, other Christians believe that the Jews are still the original children of Israel, and that Christians are adopted children of God but are not the new Israel. This view is a part of dispensationalist theology.
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Sources:
1. The Israelites in History and Tradition, Neils Peter Lemche.
2. Messenger of God, Elie Wiesel
3. What the Quran says about Israel, Wikipedia
4. Verses from the Holy Quran
GOOD MANNER AND SUCCESSFUL LIFE
by Farahin Shadli on Tuesday, September 21, 2010 at 6:24am
Manners and courtesy are an aspect of modern societies that are experiencing serious deterioration and we are doing nothing to remedy this problem; traditional values in social relations are being erased by new and so-called “modern” behaviors that are in reality inconsiderate and often coarse. Bad manners have thus been converted into a growing problem that affects all levels of society: family, work, friendships, business, and politics, not to mention their negative effect on romantic and personal relationships in general. Bad manners and discourteousness increase when we leave behind basic standards of polite behavior in favour of incorrect, rude and disrespectful treatment. These bad habits that result in rude conduct tend to be worse in areas with socialist tendencies, but are not limited to such environments, and represent a worrisome societal model devalues all of us: the elderly, women, as well as those who are considered different because of race or physical aspects, etc. The absence of courtesy and good manners creates societies where individuals lack personal dignity and subjects them to an environment where rude behavior and inappropriate conduct are considered “normal”.
In today’s societies it’s common for people to regard courtesy as old-fashioned and out-of-date, so that increasingly more individuals behave rudely, making interaction difficult and creating an unpleasant social environment that makes people want to run and hide. In today’s society, bad manners can be observed anytime, anywhere. This sort of discourtesy is ever present and examples are too numerous to count or even mention: the disrespectful treatment of elderly people; invitations that aren’t responded to in any way; the lack of commitment to any event, job, or person; confirming attendance with no intention of attending; the strange disappearance of “please” and “thank you” from most people’s vocabulary; line-jumping; serial texters and cell-phone addicts who talk on the phone, as well as read and send text messages instead of paying attention to physically present persons; the friend or colleague who never offers to pick up the bill at lunch, or even pay their own way; repulsive children (the spitting image of their parents) who think that the world rotates around them and behave obnoxiously because of it, etc, etc. We tend to blame the younger generation for these rude behaviors, but the truth is that the situation is degrading all ages and levels of society. So much that now it is commonplace to see couples openly insulting each other in public and treating each other with absolutely no common courtesy (a sliding scale which leads directly to physical and verbal abuse). Just as unfortunate, and equally common is disrespectful and dishonest treatment between colleagues in the business world, who fall back on tricks, half-truths and crude vocabulary to make ends meet. And then, to add insult to injury, these issues are left to be resolved by enormous and costly governmental programs, that can do nothing when facing this irreversible deterioration of personal relationships without the involvement and commitment of everyday people in their everyday lives.
The lessons of courtesy and good manners taught to us by our parents at home, or perhaps by teachers at school, too often forgotten, are increasingly absent in the mainstream education of children. This phenomenon is a byproduct of an absurd social model that certain politicians attempt to impose where manners must be re-taught to adults by companies that offer courses in protocol and courtesy to professionals in business environments. But we mustn’t be fooled, to triumph in this world, we have to make good use of good manners and courtesy from the beginning, it won’t do to call a possible partner “dude,” and say “Hey, babe” to the future mother of your children or “No way will I take that, you jerk” to your friend. The deterioration of verbal communication is an evident and alarming symptom of the absence of good manners. The most elemental level of any society is personal relationships. Positive relationships are built on courtesy and a society that has no regard for polite speech is on the path to swift decline. Our tolerance for rude and discourteous behavior seems to infinite and no relationship is immune to the effects of disrespectful conduct and coarse treatment in today’s society. Whether we’re dealing with insults from other drivers, curt and disagreeable treatment customer service or the rude and aggressive attitudes of people on the street or at work. All of these behaviors contribute to the lowering of our standards for polite behavior, standards that concern and affect all of us, and we tolerate or justify this inappropriate and unacceptable behavior because we’re lazy and apathetic and used to a general dynamic of bad manners. So while manners may seem unimportant, they’re really vital, because discourteous and vulgar conduct only tarnish the dignity of people and the society that allow them. Good manners, like any learned behavior, require practice and effort. Certain social and governmental models that some central powers favor would have people believe that effort and hard work aren’t necessary for success and material comforts. A clear example of this kind of political culture and its negative effect on common courtesy and personal relationships is Spain, where the socialist government does nothing to foment respect, courtesy or good manners, strengthening models that promote a system of entitlement. This kind of government promises certain citizens the world for their votes, and create generations of citizens that think they have a right to “free” healthcare, a certain type of housing, and no obligation to work or make any effort for any of these things without any consideration for the citizens that work and pay for these “free” programs. In this type of system overachievers are sometimes looked down upon as show-offs and formal manners and courteous treatment are often considered unnecessary artifices. Modern society, or those societies that really want to be modern, must promote and practice good manners, in such a way that these things become the norm, and not isolated cases of exemplary citizens, the way they are now.
Furthermore, courtesy, respect and manners are essential for success in the workplace. In times of economic crisis, this is an indispensable requirement for obtaining and maintaining employment. It’s time for a return to common courtesy and polite speech; time for the reappearance of “good morning” , “how are you?” and “please” and “thank you.” Giving up your seat to an older person or a pregnant women shouldn’t be the exception, but should be the rule. Modern tendencies towards friendlier business relationships, as well as increased openness, and warmth in relationships in general are fine and good, but these new tendencies shouldn’t supersede, but rather should accompany traditions of courtesy and good manners in all interactions be they at work or at home. Certain bad-mannered and ungrateful citizens, are walking advertisements for the failings of society in this area. In a digitalized society, rude behavior is sometimes facilitated by new technologies. Nowhere is this more obvious than in the inappropriate use of cell phones by individuals who pay more attention to text messages and phone calls than the person or task at hand. The unpopular truth is that some basic rules of social and familial behavior are essential, trying to get rid of them, or avoid them could convert current societies into a veritable social jungle. Or worse. Because even animals seem to have certain standards for adequate behavior and conduct. Very often we focus on world issues and so-called “bigger” problems as if other, “smaller” concerns make no difference, when in fact, important change can begin with something as simple as being friendly and showing off good manners. All of us can contribute to the improvement of society. But good intentions aren’t enough, action is required. Educating and training children in manners and protocol promises improvement in today’s society as well as in the future. Educating isn’t just the job of teachers, but of each and every one of us; by becoming positive examples for others, we show children how to live together, how to be courteous and how to conduct themselves in their daily lives. Vulgarity and rudeness must be pulled out at their roots, lest we fall victim to the inappropriate conduct in speech and dress that has become prevalent in other countries. The United States has always been an exceptional society, even when it comes to good manners and we mustn’t permit other societies’ bad examples (like that of Spain, where bad habits and discourtesy seem to have extended to all social sectors) influence the long-lived model of courteous behavior and conduct in America. A long tradition of authority and discipline, in society and family in American culture permits the strengthening of good manners without the use of force, with firmness, always favoring respect, dignity, and the integrity of its people. Good manners and courtesy are keys to not only to successful interactions with our fellow human beings, but to economic and political success as well for America, Americans, and the rest of the world.
Good manner are important to career success
When it comes to career success, there are many things that you need to possessed . One of those skills is the ability to display good manners when you are at work. This doesn't mean you need to know where the salad fork goes at dinner, although that certainly could help if you are ever at dinner. Basically it means that you need to be able to treat people well at work, so that you can get ahead on the job. How else do manners help?
No matter where you are - at home, work, or with friends - practicing good manners is important.
Good manners are more than opening doors and writing thank you notes. While opening doors for others and writing notes is nice, true courtesy goes deeper. Being polite and courteous means considering how others are feeling.
If you practice good manners, you are showing those around you that you are considerate of their feelings and respectful. You are also setting standards for others' behavior and encouraging them to treat you with similar respect.
Every culture and individual may have different rules or feelings about what is polite or is not polite. The goal of this course is to review some of the more basic and common rules of polite behavior in our society.
These rules may differ from person to person or based on situation, but there is one rule of good manners (and life, in general) that is always easy to follow
In good manners, cleanliness is also important. Put the habit of hygiene from very early stage.
The road is not for spitting or throwing other waste materials. Children have to be strictly warned against spitting, as it is an international menace. The Golden Rule. The golden rule for good manners is to feel the importance of treating others. So stress the importance of treating others in the same way they would like to be treated.
There is also some benefits on good manner. Manner is the way that somebody behaves and speaks towards other people and the way something is done. Good manner is the behavior that is considered to be polite in a society. A person is said to be good if he or she is honest and sincere. Good habits, love, respect and obedience are the essential qualities of a good person. A good person is liked by all.
To develop one's personality and to make the world civilized, good manners are essential. Some major elements of a person in life are: obedience, co-operation, unselfishness, respect for elders and love for younger and sense of service.
Children should be given freedom within certain limits so that they will be able to know what is right and what is wrong. They know social rules and regulations. They grow common sense. If their freedom is restricted they head towards the way of destruction. They cultivate ill or bad manners.
Man is different to animals because of his manners and wisdom. Therefore, we must have good manners so that our life becomes meaningful. If every person's behavior is good, the world becomes a better place to live in. A person with a good manner is a blessing while that with a bad manner is a curse. Hence we should try to develop good manners among our children so that their future can be bright and they can head their way towards success
and prosperity. Otherwise they will fall deep inside a hole of failure. Focus on good conduct and we will receive it from others in return.Respecting other people means you also respect their wishes. If someone tells you a secret or asks you to keep something in confidence, you should. If you don't feel comfortable doing this, it's fine to say that you don't feel comfortable keeping secrets -- just be sure to do this before the person shares their secret with you.
There are some very rare exceptions to this rule: if you find out that someone is being hurt or is in danger and they are afraid to tell anyone, you should encourage them not to keep their secret. If that person is too afraid to talk, you may want to ask an expert (such as a doctor, therapist, or policeman) for their advice - you don't have to give away your friend's secret, but they may be able to help.
Consider this, someone starts to tell a story and you sigh and roll your eyes -- your body is telling that person that you're not interested in their story and find it (and perhaps them) boring. If, on the other hand, you make eye contact with them while they are talking and nod or smile in response to what they are saying, your body is telling them "I'm paying attention to what you are saying and find your story and you interesting."
How we carry ourselves can send a message just as clearly as what we say. Standing or sitting up straight, appearing confident, looking people in the eye, and having a smile or pleasant expression gives people the impression that you are polite, confident and pleasant. Scowling, crossing your arms, slouching, or staring off into the distance (even if these are just nervous habits) may make people think that you are angry, unapproachable, or disinterested.
Actions can speak as loudly as words, so the next time you're in a social setting, ask yourself what your body language is saying to people. If you are having a hard time judging the message your body is sending, you may want to ask friends or people you know and trust what they think. Or, you may want to get the opinion of someone who doesn't know you as well. The MTSTCIL staff could help you if you want to work on your body language. Call the center nearest you for advice, tips, or even to set up a meeting and practice role-playing and body language in different settings.
Appearance also the first thing people notice about other people is the way they look. And whether we like it or not, how you look makes an impression on people. But you can use this knowledge to your advantage.
If you look neat and clean, people will feel as though you're the kind of person who makes an effort. A nice appearance shows that you value yourself and what other people think of you.
Putting forth a nice appearance doesn't mean you have to spend a lot of money on clothes or accessories. Someone can look slovenly and messy in an expensive suit if they don't brush their hair or clean their clothes. Someone else can appear put together in a old shirt and slacks that have been cleaned and pressed. Showing that you take care over your appearance is more important than what you wear or how expensive your hair cut is.
In addition to taking care over your appearance, it's also important to consider if your appearance is appropriate for the situation. You may look lovely in your party clothes or feel confident in your business suit, but these would look out of place in a more casual setting such as at a picnic or at the movies.
It's important to be comfortable in what you're wearing, but you also want to fit in (within reason!) with what other people will be wearing. Wear what suits both you and the situation best: jeans and t-shirts are fine for friends and the movies; a nice shirt and slacks or suit is more appropriate for work; party clothes should be saved for parties or fancy occasions. The same goes for accessories and make up: glitter eye shadow and elaborate hair might be fun after work, but look odd for a business meeting; you may feel most comfortable lounging in sneakers and a baseball cap, but not at a fancy restaurant or party. Think about what the majority of people will be wearing in the situation and wear something that fits in and makes you feel comfortable. As Muslims we often pride ourselves on being the Ummah with the ultimate truth. So equipped with this information we become intent on preaching to others, insistent they listen to us regardless of our own actions and deeds. Often we become aggressive and sometimes appear arrogant since we are secure in the knowledge that we are right. However the religion our Prophet preached placed great emphasis on Akhlak (good manners), to be gentle and kind, tolerant and patient. That we should always speak the truth but use wisdom and tact, foresight and prudence In Sahih Muslim, the Prophet narrated ‘the one who has a gentle character; has a gentle tongue, gentle voice, gentle way of thinking and is gentle when he meets others has gentility embodied in his entire character’.
In today’s era we convey gentleness to people but to those who we think are either stronger or richer than us. We only portray gentleness to people who we think are more superior to us in some respect. However this is not a sign of gentleness but is a sign of cowardliness.
We should bear in mind that whoever manages to acquire gentleness in his/her character automatically receives an increase in inner beauty and status, whereas whoever is deprived from gentleness in his/her character is automatically deprived from receiving inner beauty and status.
Presently we do not follow this concept, but believe and follow the opposite. We believe that we should show arrogance and pride to others else people may think that we are not worth anything. We scorn at the ones who portray gentleness to others looking down upon them as inferior. However this is a very dangerous and misleading concept and goes entirely against the teachings of Islam and entirely against the religion our Beloved Prophet (SAW) brought us.
It is stated in Sahih Muslim that ‘whoever loses gentleness loses all good’. It is also stated in another Hadith that the Holy Prophet told his followers that “hell is made Haram (forbidden) on those who looks after their relatives, are gentle hearted and have good manners”. Therefore the stress on good manners is found in all situations and the emphasis is always the same that is; ‘the most perfect believer in respect of faith is he who has the best manners’.
If we take a good look at ourselves we can automatically realize that we do not abide by these rules. We all, at one time or another twist, our words, play games, are two faced, lie and backbite portraying a severe lack of gentleness, love and compassion for others in our characters.
A true Muslim believer is the one who presents ease for others and saves them from hardships. A true Muslim believer makes life easy for others and is the bearer of good news and presents the call for Islam (da’wa), in a pleasant manner that is easy to adhere to. Allah (SWT) states in the Holy Quran regarding the eminence of our Beloved Prophet character, ‘By the grace of Allah (SWT) you are gentle towards the people, if you had been stern and harsh hearted they would have dispersed from around you’. This is how our beloved Prophet brought us Islam and this has proved to be the most effective method of da’wa.
Today however all aspects of Humanity have vanished from within us, we have became walking, talking animals, our religion has became ritualized and lacks morals, ethics and spirituality. We think that just by abiding by the pillars of Islam we are following the principals of Islam. The five pillars of Islam are the basic obligatory principals of Islam but there is more to Islam then just fulfilling these obligations. Islam is a way of life.
Unfortunately we have lost the main concept of Islam. We believe that if we keep a long beard, spend the nights in prayer, keep many fasts and perform many religious pilgrimages we are fulfilling the rights of Islam. Although these are the fard (obligations) of Islam, true Islam consists of much more. It is an ethical code of morals and manners guiding us on how to interact with others, how to behave towards our family and friends and how to live in society. Only then are our obligatory duties accepted by Allah (SWT).
The beauty of Islam is in its Adab (manners) which covering every sphere of life. See for instance the Sunnah of table manners. According to our Beloved Prophet , we should all eat together, start eating with what is in front of us, and we should not leave the table until everyone has finished. Therefore abiding by the Sunnah constitutes real Islam.
Even if we have read many prayers, kept many fasts, performed many religious pilgrimages etc, if the way we live causes any discomfort or pain to others then all the good deeds that we have done are considered pointless in the eyes of Allah (SWT).
Western society has adapted these concepts of Islam. They may not believe in the Kalima (declaration of faith) but they abide by the main concepts of Islam in respect to manners and behaviour. They are more polite, cheerful and courteous with each other then us. If we walk down the street and our eyes meet with an old lady we automatically receive a smile. However we do not smile at each other as much as we should, despite the fact that smiling is an act of sadaqa (charity), expiates some sins and doesn’t cost anything.
In Sahih Al-Bukhari it is narrated that : ‘ A man entered Masjid-ul-nabvi and committed the disgraceful act of urinating. The companions of the holy Prophet became angry and stood up to punish him. However the Holy Prophet told them not to punish or scold him, but to go and pour water over the area where he had urinated so that he would automatically realize the mistake that he had made indirectly, without feeling too ashamed or embarrassed. The holy Prophet (SAW) told his companions that ‘it is your job to bring people into Islam and not to push them away’. He also said that ‘we don’t know anything about the character of this man, if we rebuke him he may never come to the mosque again’.
It is a well-known fact that we cannot fight fire with fire; fire can only be defeated with water. Unfortunately, these days, due to lack of patience and compassion for others, we are quick to retaliate and do not overlook the faults and mistakes of others.
In another incident narrated in Sahih Muslim and Bukhari, ‘once the Holy Prophet was wearing a beautiful outer garment with detailed embroidery. He was walking and a poor Arab came running towards the Holy Prophet and tugged at his garment and demanding that he (the Holy Prophet should give him some of what Allah (SWT) had given him. The garment the Holy Prophet was wearing became entangled around His blessed neck and left a mark. However our beloved Prophet never became angry or rebuked the man, but merely smiled and gave him what he had asked for’.
In another incident the Holy Prophet had just started to read his prayer in Masjid-ul-Nabvi, when an Arab burst in shouting loudly disturbing everyone’s prayer. He demanded that the Prophet should ‘fulfil his requirements immediately’. The holy Prophet (SAW) did not tell him to ‘be quiet’ or to ‘show some respect’ but left his prayer to attend to the needs and demands of the man before returning to his prayer. This is true Islam which consists of fulfilling the rights of people, (i.e. family, friends and neighbours).
This is the main reason why it is difficult for us to preach Islam, and to attract the attention of people so they may to listen to us since we severely lack in love, understanding, patience and compassion for others. It is difficult for us to preach what is not present in out hearts.
In conclusion it is impossible for anger and goodness to co-exist together, as it is impossible for good and evil to be together. If we desire to have good manners and gentility imbedded in our personalities we must learn to control our anger. A true Muslim is the one who has Adab (good manners) instilled inside him/her and the one who lacks in Adab also lacks in Deen (religion).
Furthermore, successful start with the definition, word origin and history of the word success. According to Dictionary.com Success means the achievement of something desired, planned, or attempted: attributed their success in business to hard work. The gaining of fame or prosperity: an artist spoiled by success. b. The extent of such gain. One that is successful, the plan was a success. Obsolete a result or an outcome. The word origin and history of success in year 1537, "result, outcome," from L. successus "an advance, succession, happy outcome," from succedere "come after" (see succeed). Meaning "accomplishment of desired end" (good success) first recorded 1586. Successor "one who comes after" is recorded from 1297.
Success story is attested from 1925. Successful first attested 1588 in Shakespeare. Among the Fr. phrases used in Eng. late 19c. were succès d'estime "cordial reception given to a literary work out of respect rather than admiration" and succès de scandale "success (especially of a work of art) dependent upon its scandalous character."According to Wikipedia Success may mean a level of social status, achievement of an objective/goal and the opposite of failure
Success is as big or small as you make it. There are different levels of success. You have small success, medium success, large success, corporate success and so forth. You must have a plan, put that plan into action and turn that action into success. You will have failures along the way. There is no way to avoid the F word. But even a failure can be turned into a success, as long as you learn and grow from it. Success is not the key to happiness. Happiness is the key to success. If you love what you you are doing,you will be successful-Albert Schweitzer.
There is nothing so useless as doing efficiently that which should not be done at all. - Peter Drucker
The secret of success is constancy to purpose. - Benjamin Disraeli
It might seem silly for a 20-year-old to define what success is, but I can explain what in life I am working toward.
Overall, I believe that you know you have achieved success when you reach the end of your life and you have no regrets, no qualms or grudges. In psychology they refer to this as "ego integrity." It's probably safe to say that all people work towards this sort of end.
This doesn't mean that you can't make mistakes in your life. Basically, however, you should have done enough over your lifetime to be at peace with yourself in the end.
This can mean a number of different things depending on the person. To some it means founding a multi-million dollar business, for others it could be saving an old tree for other generations to see. It could be making something for others down the line or for yourself alone.
For me success is the former; I want to do something that will last. I want to succeed in being happy and it would make me happy to have a legacy. Personally I find happiness in purpose, so I consider that success for me is achieving what I've set out to do.
Is it that success means doing what makes you happy or that you're happy when you're successful? I'm leaning toward the first response.
I wonder if one's idea of success changes if they never really meet their goals.
I'm not really sure why I'm making this hub, but I think it's interesting to analyze these things, especially early in life when my life has hardly even really started
"Good Manners" display respect, care, and consideration. Everyone has a basic right to help another and feel positive about themselves and others around them. In our age of self-satisfaction, cell phone technology and instant internet gratification, it is often hypothesized that we care more for our equipment than those for whom they are made.
It's common sense that people prefer a reasonable amount of respect. If you nurture plants, animals, or other humans, not only will they grow and bloom - but you will as well. Outside of material goods - the basic things we all really own are ourselves and our actions.
I myself have had numerous failures and successes. Each time I fail, I pick myself up, dust off my boots, and start again. I would suggest readying the 7 Habits of Highly Effective People by Stephen R Covey. This book is very insightful and will help you start thinking outside the box. There all lots of tools out there to help you make better use of your time, plan your goal, and create yourself a roadmap to success. They are only a Google away.
In Closing here are a few of my favorite success quotes: Success is not the key to happiness. Happiness is the key to success. If you love what you are doing, you will be successful. -Albert Schweitzer
I know the price of success: dedication, hard work, and an unremitting devotion to the things you want to see happen. -Frank Lloyd Wright
People have been striving for it all their life, and many achieving Success, and others are not so fortunate. It seems to elude them, and their life. Many have been pursuing Success for years, and others start towards it and seem to find it almost immediately. It is a concept that wars have been fought over. Success to one man was the capture and domination of another. And it has been that way for eons.
The meaning of Success comes in many forms, and many definitions. It depends on what you are searching for in life, and searching for in business. Athletes may have one definition of Success, and a stay at home mom may have another. A musician may see Success as a number one hit, and a Doctor may see Success as a surgery that went well. It really depends on the perspective of life you have. Perspectives on Success are as numerous as the stars. . . . but we need to hone down our understanding of Success
There is a difference between Accomplishment, Success, and True Success. For example Accomplishment is where you have engaged in the task or action that you attempted, and have obtained the desired results. It is a based on what was expected, and what results were done. This is a daily happening in the world and marketplace. People accomplish things all day long, but really achieve no Success in those actions.
Success is something different Success to most people is when you have an ongoing string of accomplishments that when put together, add up to a major obtainment in life known as Success. The addition of all the accomplishments in a person's career or life can be viewed as Success in their life and business. Success then is an ongoing realization and obtainment of worthy desired results, concerning actions, life, business, wealth, or a worthy ideal. But there is even a higher level of Success. There is a more powerful level of High Achievement.That is why we call the Path to Success "Success to Success." It is Biblical that we all move from Glory to Glory, and we all must move from one level of Success to another.
True Success is simply the realization and obtainment of a worthy ideal or result that your heart is deeply connected to it. It is what births passion and your success passion. It is what people die for. It is why some people explode out of the gates and create Success easily, and others struggle all their life. They are operating on a whole different realm of Success and actions. It is a Success that is saturated with feeling and emotion, powered by passion, driven by destiny that cannot be denied, and forged with the Fire of the Heart. There is is no more powerful Success than the Success that the heart is welded to it by the Fire of Passion. Then we would say that Success and your heart have a definite connection in any type of True Success, and any kind that is long term.
That is why that many athletes and artists have long careers. Their heart is attached to their Success. That is why entrepreneurs many times have long careers. They are operating in their Passion and True Success Power. Many business people today have experienced True Success in their life on an ongoing basis.
People accomplish things every day. They accomplish results and more. People Succeed everyday in the marketplace and on the athletic field, as well as the professional field. The home field with raising successful children is one of the greatest True Success passions. this is because true Success has to be driven by passion from a dream that cannot be denied. It is accompanied by a hunger that cannot be stopped. It is carried to its goal by a focus that is unrelenting. It is driven by actions that will not be contained. And it is driven by a Force that knows no failure. Success is not just accomplishment. It is beyond that. Success is the steady realization of a moral and worthy ideal is Success to most folks. The steady realization of a dream and an ideal that is driven by the heart and Passion that will not, cannot, and will never be denied is Success to a few folks. Those few folks not only know the meaning of Success, but also the experience of a Deeper and Higher level of Success. They are driven by Success, not just pursuing it. Within that tiny difference is the meaning and power between Success and True Success. Hard Work Is Key To Success, Life is full of twistS and turns .Everyone has to struggle here in this world to overcome every obstacle in the way to success.For this hard work is necessary. Without working hard and just by sitting idle it will be hard for one to get success. Since from childhood and till now I always remember the sentence that my parents used to tell me "TO be A better person in life and to get success YOU havE to work hard, The result of hard work is always fruitful,so YOU have to work hard".
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