ALLAH IS THE CREATOR OF UNIVERSE

MAWARNI NAJWA BINTI JAFRI, GROUP 97

Allah is the name of the true One God in the Arabic language. In the Hebrew language His name is Eloh, Elohim for respect. It is well known that when a word is borrowed from one language to another, its spelling and pronunciation is often altered. It is, therefore, reasonable to say that Eloh and Allah are names of the same Deity of Abraham believed by the three monotheistic religions of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Islam is the most rigorously monotheistic religion among the three dedicated to the worship of Allah, never seen by a human eye. Who is Allah? The translation of verses from the Qur'an are given to answer this question. References of the verses are given in brackets, the number before the colon represents the Surah (chapter) and the following number represents the verse number.
Allah, the One Only:
• "Proclaim: Allah is One. Allah is Eternal. He neither begets nor was begotten." (112:1-4)
• "Nothing is like unto Him." (42:11)
• "If there were therein Gods besides Allah, then verily both (the heavens and the earth) would have collapsed into disorder and chaos. Glorified be Allah, the Lord of the Throne, transcendent beyond all they ascribe unto Him." (21:22)
• "Sight can never reach Him; His sight reaches all things." (6:103)
• "And proclaim: Praise be to Allah, Who has not taken unto Himself a son, and Who has no partner in the Sovereignty, nor has He (need for) any protecting friend through dependence. (17:111)
• "Allah! There is no God save Him." (3:2, 2:255)
• "Is there any God beside Allah? Nay, but they are folk who ascribe equals (unto Him)!" (27:60).
• "Is there any God beside Allah? Nay, but most of them know not." (27:61
The beginning, Creation. How did it happen? The birth of the earth, the moon, the sun, and the stars, How did it happen? How did the first man step on this earth? From where did he come? All these are question which have been handled under various disciplines-Astronomy, Physics, Geography, Geology, Oceanology, Biology, Botany, Zoology, Medicine, Physiology, Embryology and General Science. The Al-Quran has added new dimensions to the study of physical phenomena and helped man's mind to go beyond the barriers of the material universe. It has shown him that matter is not to be despised as something mean or low, since it has signs leading man towars God and His Mysteries and Attributes.

Expansion of Universe

The Qur'an also does not rule out the idea that the universe is continuing to expand. "The heavens, We have built them with power. And verily, We are expanding it" (51:47). There has been some historical debate among Muslim scholars about the precise meaning of this verse, since knowledge of the universe's expansion was only recently discovered.

Six Days?

The Qur'an states that "Allah created the heavens and the earth, and all that is between them, in six days" (7:54). While on the surface this might seem similar to the account related in the Bible, there are some important distinctions.
The verses that mention "six days" use the Arabic word "youm" (day). This word appears several other times in the Qur'an, each denoting a different measurement of time. In one case, the measure of a day is equated with 50,000 years (70:4), whereas another verse states that "a day in the sight of your Lord is like 1,000 years of your reckoning" (22:47). The word "youm" is thus understood, within the Qur'an, to be a long period of time -- an era or eon. Therefore, Muslims interpret the description of a "six day" creation as six distinct periods or eons. The length of these periods is not precisely defined, nor are the specific developments that took place during each period.

After completing the Creation, the Qur'an describes that Allah "settled Himself upon the Throne" (57:4) to oversee His work. A distinct point is made to counter the Biblical idea of a day of rest: "We created the heavens and the earth adn all that is between them in six days, nor did any sense of weariness touch Us" (50:38).
Allah is never "done" with His work, because the process of creation is ongoing. Each new child who is born, every seed that sprouts into a sapling, every new species that appears on earth, is part of the ongoing process of Allah's creation. "He it is Who created the heavens and the earth in six days, then established Himself on the Throne. He knows what enters within the heart of the earth, and what comes forth out of it, what comes down from heaven, and what mounts up to it. And He is with you wherever you may be. And Allah sees well all that you do" (57:4).
Chapter 7 The heights سورة الأعراف - Al-Araf: Verse 54
إِنَّ رَبَّكُمُ اللَّهُ الَّذِي خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ فِي سِتَّةِ أَيَّامٍ ثُمَّ اسْتَوَىٰ عَلَى الْعَرْشِ يُغْشِي اللَّيْلَ النَّهَارَ يَطْلُبُهُ حَثِيثًا وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ وَالنُّجُومَ مُسَخَّرَاتٍ بِأَمْرِهِ ۗ أَلَا لَهُ الْخَلْقُ وَالْأَمْرُ ۗ تَبَارَكَ اللَّهُ رَبُّ الْعَالَمِينَ

Your Guardian-Lord is Allah, Who created the heavens and the earth in six days, and is firmly established on the throne (of authority): He draweth the night as a veil o'er the day, each seeking the other in rapid succession: He created the sun, the moon, and the stars, (all) governed by laws under His command. Is it not His to create and to govern? Blessed be Allah, the Cherisher and Sustainer of the worlds

ASTRONOMY

“THE BIG BANG”

The creation of the universe is explained by astrophysicists in a widely acceptable phenomenon, popularly known as the "BIG BANG". It is supported by observational and experimental data gathered by astronomers and astrophysicists for decades. According to the "BIG BANG", the whole universe was initially one big mass (Primary Nebula). Then, there was a "BIG BANG" (Secondary Separation) which resulted in the formation of Galaxies. These then divided to form stars, planets, the sun, the moon and so on. the origin of the universe was unique and the probability of it occurring by "chance" is zero.

When describing the creation of the "heavens and the earth," the Qur'an does not discount the theory of a "Big Bang" explosion at the start of it all. In fact, the Qur'an says that "the heavens and the earth were joined together as one unit, before We clove them asunder" (21:30). Following this big explosion, Allah "turned to the sky, and it had been (as) smoke. He said to it and to the earth: 'Come together, willingly or unwillingly.' They said: 'We come (together) in willing obedience'" (41:11). Thus the elements and what was to become the planets and stars began to cool, come together, and form into shape, following the natural laws that Allah established in the universe.

All these amazing manifestation in the physical world in various forms, the process of creation, the distribution of the universe into various heaven, the motion of heavens, the motion of heavenly bodies and their special characteristics, are described in the Quran not to give lessons in astronomy or astrology, but as a reflection on the Glory, Grandeur, Control and Organisation of creator. They suggest in a marvelous sense on balance and harmony between the movement of different heavenly bodies, invidually as well as in relation to the whole universe.

There are several passages in the Quran which describe thewonderful creation of Allah s.w.t. All these draw human attention to the Glory of Allah s.w.t and show that all the universe, with its immanence space and unlimited number of celetial bodies, which seems so huge in comparison with man's world and beyond his comprehension, is just a tiny part of the Kingdom of Allah s.w.t. He is advised to take a lesson in astronomy. How many spiritual journeys we can make into Allah's miraculous phenomena in this universe, wich is simultaneously huge and orderly!

Our mind, as well as our finest and most developed machinery, fail to reach the depths of its vastness or conceive the hugeness of its stars and planets or comprehend the miraculous precision in their undisturbed circulation. The organization and control of the heavenly bodies streches human understanding and even imagination, beyond their ability. The Qur'an further states that Allah created the sun, the moon, and the planets, each with their own individual courses or orbits. "It is He Who created the night and the day, and the sun and the moon; all (the celestial bodies) swim along, each in its rounded course" (21:33)

THE HEAVENS & PLANETS

The Islamic concept of heavens is not easy as it seems at first. The Arabic word for sama and it’s plural alsamawat have been used in the Quran. It is usually translated as “heavens” or “sky” but may also being translated as “space”. According to the Quran and also the Hadith, the sevn heavens arranged one above the other. There are Hadith which even mentioned the distances between them. Anyway the concept of the seven heavens in Islamic Cosmology does not exist in modern science.

Therefore the theistic evolutionist explain that the seven heavens refers to the solar system or galaxies. This concept is absolutely wrong according to the Islamic Perspective. Actually all the stars, plantes, comets, nebule and so on are under the first heaven and other heavens are above it. Some theistic evolutionists have even compared stratosphere, ionosphere and so on with the seven heavens. The Quran has clearly mentioned to us about the first heaven in surah 67:5
“we have adorned the lowest heaven with lamps and we made such (lamps) missiles to drive away the evil ones”

Cosmology covers all existance things including the earth and other creations in the heavens. The universe is consist of the sun, all planets and galaxies. Each galaxy consist of 100 million of stars. The earth galaxy is called Milky Way which consist about 100,000 million stars. All planets moved around the sun on the orbit. Man can only discovers the seven heavens in the outer space with the help of knowledge, perhaps in science and technology as stated in surah Al-Rahman, verse 33.
THE EARTH

The earth was extended after the certain of heavens but the phrase is used in this verse does not neccessarily convey a sense of order. Ibnu Abbas interprete:
“God created the earth in two days, then He created the heavens and then, He comprehended them in His design and gave them order and perfection in next two days, He extended the earth and made out of it water and pasture land and created mountains, trees, reefs, and all other things in between the earth and the heavens.

According to Ibnu Kathir, the earth was created on Sunday and Monday and everything in it for man’s benefit on Tuesday and Wednesday and the Heaven in the last two days that is Thursday and Friday. To sum up, the earth is created before the creation of heavens. Moreover, the Quran also mentioned that the earth and the heavens are initially united together but later separated as statec in the Quran.
“Do not the unbelievers see that the heavens and earth were joined together (as one unit) of creation before we clove them asunder.


PHYSICS

According to the Big Bang Theory, the Universe experienced an unbelievable explosion from the hot gases that were forming it, which caused the Universe (which consisted of the ball of gases) to split and expand. The Earth was separated then from the gaseous mass that was forming the Universe. The gases according to the scientific articles below in this articles made" the universe be consisted of compact ball of hydrogen- proton, neutrons, electrons, and their anti-particle- plus radiation.

In ancient times a well-known theory by the name of "Theory of Atomic" was widely accepted. This theory was originally proposed by the Greek, in particular by a man called Democritus, who lived about 23 centuries ago. Democritus and the people that came after him, assumed that the smallest unit of matter was the atom. The Arabic used the believe the same. The Arabic word dharrah most commonly meant an atom. In recent times modern science has discovered that it is possible to split further is a development of the 20th century. Fourteen centuries ago this concept would have appeared unusual even to an Arab. For him the dharrah was the limit beyond which one could not go. [Al-Quran 34:3]

"The Unbelievers say, 'Never to us will come The Hour': say, 'Nay! But most surely,By my Lord, it will come Upon you- by Him Who knows the unseen-From Whom is not hidden The least little atom in the Heavens or on earth: Nor is there anything less Than that, or greater, but Is in the Record Perspicuous."
[Al-Quran 34:3]

This verse refers to the Omniscience of God, His knowledge of all things, hidden or apparent. It then goes further and says that God is aware of everything, including what is smaller or bigger than the atom. Thus the verse clearly shows that the atom to exist, a fact discovered only recently by modern science.

GEOLOGY

In Geology, the phenomenon of “folding”, is recently discovered fact. Folding is responsible for the formation of mountain ranges. The earth’ crust, on which we live is like a solid shell, while the deeper layers are hot and fluid and thus inhospitable to any form of life. Geologists tell us that the radius of the Earth is about 3,750 miles and the crust on which we live is very thin, it has a high possibility of shaking. Mountains act like stakes or tent pegs that hold the earth’s crust and give it stability.

The surface of the earth is broken into many rigid plates that are about 100 km in thickness. These plates float on a partially molten region called aesthenosphere. Mountain formations occur at the boundary of the plates. The earth’s crust is 5 km thick below oceans, about 35 km thick below thick below flat continental sirfaces and almost 80km thick below great mountain ranges (79:32)

GEOGRAPHY

THE SUN AND MOON

The fact that the sun is a direct source of light and the moon having no light of its own and merely a reflective body is common knowledge today. About 1419 years ago such specific detail were not commonly known. Yet, in the Quran, moonlight is described as “munir”” a work meaning to reflect. The sun is compared to a blazing lamp “wahhaj” or tor touch “siraj”. A precise and accurate description of the differences between sunlight and moonlight.
“blessed in the one placed the constellation in heaven and placed therein a lamp and a moon giving light” (al Furqan:61)

For a long time European philosophers and scientists believe that the earth stood still at the centre of the universe and every planetory body including the sun moves around it. In 1906, the German astronomer Nova, in which he concluded that not only do the planets moved in elliptical orbit around the sun but they also rotate upon their axis at irregular speed.
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“It is He who created the night and the day and the sun and the moon all (the celestial bodies) swim along each in its rounded course. (Yasin:42)
The sun and the moon together produce tides and are responsible for atmospheric changes which are of the highest important element in the world. The sun is the source of energy in our daily life. It gives out hear for man and for the trees to grow, set up the time for prayers.

THE WATER CYCLE

In Europe, it was not until the 16 th century that Bernard Palissy presented the first coherent description of the water cycle. He described how water evaporate from the ocean and cool to perform clouds. The clouds move inland where they rise, condense and fall as rain. The rain gathers in lake and streams and flow back to the ocean in continuous cycle. The Quran had already mentioned about this in surah Al-Rum, verse 48.

“It is God who send the wind and they raise the clouds then He spread them in the sky as He wills breaking them into fragments until you see rain drops falling within them then He has made them reach those of His servants He wills see whom they rejoice”

With the existence of rain, we can obtain electricity from electrical programmes. Water is widely used for domestic purpose and also irrigation. In addition, the ocean brings for instance tremendous benefits to mankind. Mainly as a source of income where we can get foods and also treasures the sea such as pearl,as well as for transportation.

ZOOLOGY

The creation Of The Animal Kingdom

BEES
In the Al-Quran, bees are the subject of the longest commentary (16:68)
It is known that the pattern of a bee's dance is a means ofcommunication to other bees; in this way, bees are able to convey to their own species the direction and distance of flowers from which nectar is to be gathered. The famous experiment performed by von Frisch bas shown the meaning of this insect’s movement which is intended to transmit information between worker bees.

SPIDERS

Spiders are mentioned in the Quran to stress the flimsiness of their dweling, it is the most fragile of all. They have a refuge that is as precarious, according to the Quran, as the dwelling of those who have chosen masters other than Allah.
(Surah 29:41)

A spider’s web is indeed constituted of silken threads secreted by the animal’s glands and their caliber is infinitely fine. Its fragility cannot be imitated by man.
Naturalists are intrigued by the extraordinary pattern of work recorded by the animal’s nervous cells, which allows it to produce a geometrically perfect web; but the Quran does not refer to this.

BIRDS
Birds are frequently mentioned in the Quran. They appear in episodes in the life of Abraham, Joseph, David, Solomon and Jesus. These references do not however have any bearing on the subject in hand.

The verse concerning the existence of animal communities on the ground and bird communities in the sky has been noted above: Verse in Surah 6:38, Surah 16:79 and Surah 67:19 express the idea that holds the birds up in His Power.

It has been perfectly possible to compare these verse, which stress the extremely close dependence of the bird’s behavior on divine order, to modern data sowing the degree of perfection attained by certain species of birds with regard to the progrmming of their movemeants. It is indeed only the existence of a migratory program in the genetic code of birds that can account fir the extremely long and complicated journeys which very young birds, without any prior experience and without any guide, are able to accomplish in addition to a return to their departure point on a presscribed data. It must be acknowledged that the highly complicated instructure for a journey of this kind simply have to be contained in the bird’s nervous cell. They are most definitely programmed by Allah.

THE ANTS

There are about 10,000 species of ants and they live essentilally everywhere on earth. They have been around for million years or so, with fossil ants nearly identical to ants of today. Most species live in highly organized colonies with a queen, a few males for mating and many female workers.

The Queen flies out is mated (like honeybee, the males fall dead) and finds a new place. She lays egg-100 an hour, 30,000 in a week. After about 20 days, the eggs turn into wormlike larvae, which the queen washes and feeds. After another 20 days or so, the ants are ready to face the world. They instinctively know the role they are to play. The first ones out are always gatherers. They go out and get food to bring back to the next for queen. Her job now is only t lay eggs.

Ant colonies depend on the female of the species for their creation and their continued existance. The Queen and all the workers are female. Interestingly, scripture, clearly indicates the female gender of workers ants a fact that could not have been known when the Quran was revealed.

And in the Quran, surah 27 (An-Naml), entitles “The Ant” there is the charming story of Solomon’s troops (prophet Sulaiman) verse 18 and 19.

THE CAMEL

Camel’s creation is its own miracles. The camel is not always seen as a beautiful animal. But, it is absolutely perfect for what it needs to do and where it needs to survive. This is a gift from God. Without camels, no one could travel in the dessert, so huge sections of the world be not just difficult to live on, but completely unlivable.

All of the camel is practical for his survival and for his service to man. A camel’s feet, although hoofed, have large pads that spread out in the soft sand to keep the animal from sinking in. His face is deigned as protection from sun and sand. The thick eyebrows, heavy eyelids that can close in heavy storms.

Most incredible is how the camel deals with heat and lack of water. First of all, camels have a low metabolic race energy is used slowly. The body temperature has a wide range of normal. It may start the day at 94 and hit 105 in the heat of the afternoon. The camel is one of few animals that can sweat.

The coarse body hair, which acts as a protection against the direct sun, also allows the camel this ability to sweat. Sweating is a more efficient cooling system than panting (as a dogs) as less precious fluid is lost. Additionallly, in its increadibly efficient way, the camel does not sweat until its body temperature is near the top of its range.

BOTANY

The Creation Of The Plant Kingdom

In the Quran, there is no reference to the evolution of the plant kingdom. God had obviously mentioned that He has created all kinds of fruit and plants. For example in the Quran:
“with it (rain) He produces for you corn, olives, date-palms, grapes and every kind of fruits”.

The Quran clearly says that all kinds of plants grew from the earth when the rain falls. It would be quite right to assume that all different kinds of plants grew simultenously, although the possibilities of their appearing at different time cannot be excluded. However, according to the Holy Book, all different kind plants, no matter how similar they are should be taken to be all separately created and not did they evolve from one another over the vast span of time because there is no evidence from the Quran which mentioned even indirectly about evolution.

There is a lot of reason behind the creation of flora. Allah has created all kinds of plants and trees in order to make the temperature lower, for food generally and for commercial purposes such as logging. As a matter of fact, overlogging can cause serious effects such as soil erosion, land slide and so on. The function of trees has been mentioned by Allah in the Al-Quran.

The male and female component of flowers commonly coexist in the same flower but may be located on different flowers and sometimes on different plants. When a flower is fertilized by pollen originating from the same flower or another flower on the same plant, fertilization is known as self pollination. When a flower is fertilized by pollen originating from another plant, fertilization is known as cross-pollination
(3:247).

Fruit is the end product of reproduction of the superior plants. The stage preceding fruit is the flower, which has male and female organs (stamen and ovules). Once pollen has been carried to the flower, they bear fruit, which in turn matures and frees its seed. All fruit therefore imply the existence of male and female organs; a fact that is mentioned in the Quran.

In certain species, fruit can come from non-fertilized flowers (parthenocarpic fruit). For example: bananas, certain types of pineapples, fig, orange, vine and so on. They also have definite sexual characteristics.

Stages Of Man’s Creation according to Al-Quran
Clay – Sperm – Blood – Congealed Blood – Flesh – Spirit – Birth Of A Child

EMBRYOLOGY

Man Is Created From Alaq-A Leech-Like Substance
A few years ago a group of Arabs collected all information concerning embryology from the Quran and followed the instruction of the Quran:
“If ye realise this not,ask Of those who possess the Message (Al-Quran 16:43&21:7)

The word alaq besides meaning a congealed clot of blood also means something that clings, a leech-like substance. To check this out he studied the initial stage of the embryo under a very powerful microscope in his laboratory and compared what he observed with a diagram of a leech and he was astonished at the striking resemblance between the two! In the same manner, he acquired more information on embryolory, that was hitherto not known to him, from the Quran.

Man Created From A Drop Emitted From Between The Back Bone And The Ribs

In embryonic stages, the reproductive organs of the male and female, the testicles and the ovaries, begin their development near the kidney between the spinal column and the elevent and twelfth ribs. Later they descend; the female gonads (ovaries) stop in the pelvis while the male gonads (testicles) continue their descent before birth to reach the scrotum through the inguinal canal. Even in the adult after the descent of the reproductive organ, these organs receive their nerve supply and blood supply from the Abdominal Aorta, which is in the area between the backbone (spinal column) and the ribs. Even the Iymphatic drainage and the venous return goes to the same area.

HUMAN BEINGS CREATED FROM NUTFAH (Minute Quantity of Liquid)

The Glorious Quran mentions no less than eleven times that the human being is created from nutfah, which means minute quantity of liquid or a trickle of liquid which remains after emptying a cup. This is mentioned in several verse of the Quran including 22:5 and 23:13.

Science has confirmed in recent times that only one out of an average of three million sperms is required for fertilising the ovum. This means that only a 1/three millionth part or 0.00003% of the quantity of sperms that are emitted is required for fertilisation.

HUMAN BEINGS CREATED FROM SULALAH (quintessence of liquid)

The Arabic word sulalah means quintessence or the best part of a whole. We have come to know now that only one single spermatozoon that penetrates the ovum is required for fertilization, out of the several millions, is referred to in the Quran as sulalah. Sulalah also means gentle extraction from a fluid. The fluid refers to both male and female germinal fluids containing gametes. Both ovum and sperm are gently extracted from their environment in the process of fertilization.

CREATION OF KHALIFAH

Adam is an Arabic word for man. He was the progenitor of human race. He is reckoned to be the first prophet by the Muslims. He was also the first man whom Almighty Allah had created from the elements of clay. The Holy Quran affirms:
"O' mankind! Surely We created you from dust." (Surah 30: Verse 20)
The gradual process of man's physical development has been referred to in the following Verses of the Holy Quran:

"He began the creation of man from dust. Then He made his progeny of an extract of water held in light esteem. Then He made him complete and breathed into him of His spirit and made for you ears and eyes and heart." (Surah 32: 7-9)

According to the latest scientific researches the man has been created from clay with all its element and their inherent properties. It is discovered by a chemical analysis of the human body that a defect occurs in its normal functioning when the quantity of any of these element gets diminished. In such case vitamins are used to supplement the deficiency and restore normal health.

The Creation of Prophet Adam

Before the creation of mortal, Almighty Allah directed all the Angels to assemble. Thousands upon thousands of Angels (created from light) and Jinns (created from fire) gathered in groups. They bowed respectfully in the presence of Almighty Allah. The Creator of the universe declared that He intended to create the man and sought their counsel. The Angels and Iblis (Satan) disapproved the idea and pointed out that human beings would cause disorder on the earth. They would make mischief and shed blood indiscriminately. The Holy Quran gives a description of this event in the following Verses:

"And when your Lord said to the angels: I am about to appoint a vicegerent in the earth. They said: Will you place therein such as will cause disorder in it or shed blood ? We celebrate your praise and extol your holy names. He answered: I know what you know not." (Surah 2: Verse 30)

Hawa Created

In order to remove the lonesomeness of Adam, a female mate named Hawa (Eve) was created. The Prophet Adam (peace be upon him) and his wife Hawa were given a place in the Garden (of Bliss) to reside. The Holy Quran affirms:
"And O' Adam! Dwell you and your wife in the Garden (of Bliss) and eat there from wherever you will but approach not this tree lest you should be: among the wrong-doers." (Surah 7: Verse 20)

CONCLUSION


The Quran , being the Book of Allah s.w.t is an absolute eternal Truth. The Quran has added new dimensions to the study of physical phenomena and helped man’s mind to go beyond the barriers of the material universe. It has shown him that matter is not tobe despised as something mean or low, since it has signs leading man towards God and His Mysteries and Attributes. All the universe with it vast spaces is creation of god and the Quran invites man to study it and discover for himself its mysteries and wonders and endeavour to use its widespread resources for his benefit. Thus, the Quran takes man to God by means of His creation and concrete realities that are found in the earth and the heaven. The denial of the creator by scientists leads to the use of his resources for the destruction of the person and values of man. He may fully reap the benefits from the bounties of God and enjoy the life of luxury and plenty but, in this state of ingratitude to tha creator, he deprived of real peace of mind and happiness. For material abundance and richness does not provide full mental and spiritual satisfaction to man. Questions such as:

Who are we?
From where have we come? And to where will we go? What is the universe?Who created it and Who controls it? What will become of it? What is the purpose of our creation? Are we just like other creatures? All this and many other similar questions will remain unanswered and will continue disturbing the peace of the human mind.

From among the innumerable stars, the piercing bright stars have been mentioned as evidence, because they attract the attention of persons with sight towards themselves, on account of their brightness, and through the eyes hint at the real “goal” of man. This is the point about which the evidence of the sky and the bright stars has been presented. “This evidence means that the brightness of the stars in this not only invites man to look them but also invites him contemplate over them, and think seriously about them. When the night falls the sky is decorated with lamps and such shining lamps that their brightness astounds human intellect.




Written by:
MAWARNI NAJWA BINTI JAFRI
101416
GROUP 97
COURSE AED